a BRIEF HISTORY OF The eNGLISh ReFORMATION © Mark Barry 2009 | visualunit.me | Please do not republish without permission, but feel free to copy for personal use. REIGN 1509-1547 1547-1553* 1553-1558 1558-1603 MONaRCH heNRY VIII eDWARD VI MARY I eLIZABeTh I SPOUSE/S 1) CATheRINe OF ARAGON * Delegated authority: PhILLIP II OF SPAIN ◄ (Spain) married: 1509; gave • Duke of Sommerset birth to Mary I; died: 1536. (1547-1550) • Duke of 2) ANNe BOLeYN Northumberland married: 1533; gave birth to (1550-1553) Elizabeth I; died: 1536. 3) JANe SeYMOUR married: 1536; gave birth to Edward VI; died: 1537. 4) ANNe OF CLeVeS (Germany) married: 1540; died 1557. 5) CATheRINe hOWARD married: 1540; died 1542. 6) CATheRINe PARR ◄ married: 1543; died 1548. STaTE From Papal Catholicism From Catholicism > From Protestantism > From Papal Catholicism RELIGION > to Catholicism to Protestantism to Papal Catholicism > to Protestantism aLLIES & • Thomas Cromwell • Duke of Sommerset • The Papacy • Archbishop Parker aDVISORS • Archbishop Cranmer • Duke of • Spain • Bishop Jewel Northumberland • Archbishop Grindal • Cardinal • Archbishop Cranmer • Archbishop Whitgift Pole • William Perkins • Bishop • Richard hooker Gardiner ENEMIES • The Papacy • The Papacy • France • The Papacy • Spain • Spain • Spain • elizabeth I • France • France • France • hooper, Ridley,q • Mary I Latimer & Cranmer • Mary Queen • Bishop (all executed) of Scots Gardiner • The Puritans? REIGN 1509-1547 1547-1553* 1553-1558 1558-1603 MONaRCH heNRY VIII eDWARD VI MARY I eLIZABeTh I STaTE From Papal Catholicism From Catholicism > From Protestantism > From Papal Catholicism RELIGION > to Catholicism to Protestantism to Papal Catholicism > to Protestantism LEGISLaTION • The Submission of • The Act of • The Act of • The Act of the Clergy (1532) Uniformity (1549) Uniformity Supremacy • The Act of • The 42 Articles of RePeALeD (1553) ReINSTATeD (1559) Supremacy (1534) q Religion (1553) X ü • The Dissolution • The Act of • The Act of of the Monastries Supremacy Uniformity (1536) RePeALeD (1554) ReINSTATeD (1559) X ü • The 39 Articles of Religion (1563) LITURGY • The Ten Articles • The First Prayer • The Second Prayer • The Second Prayer (1536) Book (1549) Book RePeALeD Book ReINSTATeD • The Bishops Book • The Second Prayer X ü (1537) Book (1552) q • The Six Articles (1539) LITERaTURE • The Matthews Bible • The First Book of • The Genevan Bible (1537) homilies (1547) q (1560) • Apology for the Church of england (1561) • The Bishops Bible (1568) • The Second Book of homilies (1571) • Acts & Monuments (also known as Foxe’s Book of Martyrs; 1563) t © Mark Barry 2009 | visualunit.me | Please do not republish without permission, but feel free to copy for personal use. KEY heNRY VIII 1534 “The Act of Stiff penalties are 1549 Parliament passes EVENTS 1509-1547 Supremacy” enacted enforced for any failure to “The Act of Uniformity” to ensure allegiance to comply. Bishop Latimer declaring England a Henry VIII as supreme resigns. Protestant country. head of the English Cranmer introduces church. Thomas More, 1540 Henry marries and the first English Book John Fisher and Mary divorces Protestant Anne of Common Prayer to refuse to obey the act. of Cleves from Germany. unify services across He marries Katherine England, abolishing 1535 Fisher and More Howard instead, and some unhelpful beheaded. Mary is has Cromwell, his chief ceremonies, focusing on 1509 Henry VIII becomes spared. political advisor, executed the declaration of gospel King and marries for arranging the political truths, congregational Catherine of Aragon from 1536 Henry has Anne marriage with Cleves. involvement in the Lord’s Spain. Boleyn executed and Supper, and the public marries Jane Seymour. 1543 Henry beheads reading of Scripture. 1521 Thomas Cranmer Henry has the Lutheran Howard and marries and other Cambridge William Tyndale executed Katherine Parr. 1550 Bibles are given students study Luther’s for his illegal translation to the newly ordained writings, while Henry of the Bible into English. 1545 Henry denounces bishops and priests VIII is named “defender Cranmer publishes “The Papists, Lutherans, and in place of staffs and of the faith” for his book Ten Articles”, which Anabaptists in his last communion vessels. denouncing Luther. reinforce the importance speech to Parliament of baptism and the 1552 Cranmer revises 1525 Catherine fails to Lord’s Supper, yet 1547 Henry VIII dies. the Book of Common bear Henry VIII a son. falling short of denying Prayer to deny the “real Henry sees this as a sign “transubstantiation”. presence” of Jesus in of divine displeasure at Henry enacts the the Lord’s Supper as his marriage, and he “Dissolution of the eDWARD VI well as other “Catholic” begins an affair with Monastries”. Church 1547-1553 practices, e.g. wearing of Anne Boleyn (known as land, almost a third of all the vestments, signing “the King’s affair”). England, is repossessed of the cross, keeping by the crown and given to of reserve sacrament, 1526 Lutheran books lay people. prayers for the departed, burned by Cardinal though the “black rubric” Wolsey. 1537 ”The Bishop’s permits kneeling. Book” is produced as 1531 The Lutheran an instructional manual 1553 Cranmer drafts Thomas Bilney is burned for clergy. Henry finally “The 42 Articles of at the stake. approves “The Matthews 1547 Henry’s 9-year Religion”, outlining the Bible” (ironically based old son, Edward VI, Protestant beliefs of the 1529 The Pope refuses to on Tyndale’ illegal New becomes king under the English church. Edward annul Henry’s marriage. Testament translation) Protestant tutelage of VI dies at the age of 16. Henry declares himself to be read by the English the Dukes of Somerset the supreme head of the people. and Northumberland. English church, cuts ties Thomas Cranmer begins with Rome, and redirects 1538 Jane Seymour gives to reform the English all papal taxes to the birth to Henry’s much- church, introducing crown. desired son, Edward, only a book of homilies to to die shortly after. be read in place of a 1532 Cranmer made sermon, which plainly the Archbishop of 1539 Henry set forth the Protestant Canterbury. “Submission publishes “The Six doctrine of justification by of the Clergy” enacted Articles” reaffirming faith alone in Jesus. to prohibit any English Catholic doctrine appeals to the Pope. (transubstantiation 1548 Cranmer introduces and clerical celebacy), the English Prayer of 1533 Cranmer annuls attacking Lutheranism Humble Access into the Henry’s marriage to and bringing to an end Latin mass. Clerical Catherine. Henry marries any hope for real reform. marriage is legalised. the now pregnant Boleyn. © Mark Barry 2009 | visualunit.me | Please do not republish without permission, but feel free to copy for personal use. KEY .MARY 1 eLIZABeTh 1560 English exiles 1587 Elizabeth EVENTS 1553-1558 1558-1603 publish the “Geneva has Mary Queen of Bible” (revising Tyndale’s Scots executed for her New Testament connection with an translation), becoming assassination plot and one of the most popular plan to claim the throne English translations of of England. the era. 1588 Phillip II of Spain’s 1561 Bishop John Jewel attempt to invade writes “An Apology for England is thwarted after 1553 An attempt to place 1558 Henry’s Protestant the Church of England”, his armada of ships is Lady Jane Grey on the second daughter, defending the Elizabethan destroyed in storm and throne fails. Henry’s first Elizabeth I, becomes settlement against Rome battle. born Catholic daughter, queen. Despite and affirming it amongst Mary Tudor, becomes frequent assassination European reformers. 1593 Puritan assemblies queen. All Protestant attempts by Catholics, and activities are legislation is repealed and bolstered by the 1563 ”The Thirty-Nine outlawed. and England is returned return of exiled English Articles” are drafted to Catholicism. In an Protestants from Europe, as the official doctrinal 1603 Elizabeth I dies and unpopular decision, Mary Elizabeth begins to statement of the is succeeded by James I. marries Philip II of Spain. steer England back Church of England. to Protestant reform. “The Second Book of 1554 Mary repeals Her reforms are known Homilies” is published Henry’s “Act of as “the Elizabethan to further defend Supremacy” and England settlement”, reformation Protestant doctrines. once again comes under through the “via media” John Foxe writes “Acts the religious authority (or middle way) between and Monuments” (more of Rome. Cardinal Pole Roman Catholicism and commonly known as returns to England and radical reform (notably “Foxe’s Book of Martyrs”) is appointed Archbishop the Puritans). detailing Christian of Canterbury. Mary martyrdom from the appoints new Catholic 1559 Elizabeth 1st century through to bishops and begins a reinstates both the the 16th, with particular campaign of Protestant “Act of Supremacy” emphasis on those persecution. Many and “Act of Uniformity”. executed under Mary. Protestants flee to Elizabeth also appoints Europe. Pole attempts to the Protestant Matthew 1568 Archbishop Parker revive the monasteries, Parker as the Archbishop produces the “Bishop’s but few monks and nuns of Canterbury. Parker Bible”, which is far less actually return. revises “The Book popular than the “Geneva of Common Prayer”, Bible”. 1555 Mary burns John excising the Black Rogers, editor of the Rubric, but reintroducing 1569-1587 Puritans Matthews Bible, at the vestments. unsuccessfully attempt the stake, as well as to bring reform to dissenting Protestant 1560s Puritans seek the Church through bishops Hugh Latimer further reform to the parliament. Elizabeth and Nicholas Ridley. Church of England, (through Archbishop John Hooper and John demanding better Whitgift) seeks to Bradford also are preaching training for suppress the Puritan executed. ministers, the removal calls for further reform. of Catholic ceremonies 1556 Thomas Cranmer and vestments, and 1570 Pope Pius V recants his Protestant the replacement of the declares Elizabeth a faith, but later retracts Episcopal church system heretic and illegitimate his statement, and is of government (i.e. ruler of England. Many burnt at the stake. through bishops) with a assassination plots Presbyterian system (i.e.