IDENTIFICATION MANUAL FOR THE CADDISFLY (TRICHOPTERA) LARVAE OF FLORIDA REVISED EDITION 2004 Manuel L. Pescador Andrew K. Rasmussen Steven C. Harris State of Florida Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Resource Management Tallahassee Development of this document was funded by a grant from the Clean Water Act Section 319 Final Report for DEP Contract Number WM715 December 2004 IDENTIFICATION MANUAL FOR THE CADDISFLY (TRICHOPTERA) LARVAE OF FLORIDA REVISED EDITION 2004 by Manuel L. Pescador, Ph.D. Professor of Entomology Florida A&M University Tallahassee, Florida 32307-4100 and Research Associate Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, Florida 32611 Andrew K. Rasmussen, Ph.D. Research Associate Entomology, Center for Water Quality Florida A&M University Tallahassee, Florida 32307-4100 and Florida State Collection of Arthropods Gainesville, Florida 32611 Steven C. Harris, Ph.D. Professor of Biology Clarion University Clarion, Pennsylvania 16214-1232 Karen Savage, Project Manager Division of Water Resource Management Florida Department of Environmental Protection Requests for copies of this document should be addressed to: Bureau of Laboratories, Attn: Joy Jackson Florida Department of Environmental Protection 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 This document is available at the following web site:http://www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/library/keys.htm TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1 General overview of the order............................................. 1 About this manual ...................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ..................................................... 3 Working with specimens ................................................. 3 Morphology ........................................................... 4 KEY TO FAMILIES OF FLORIDA TRICHOPTERA .............................. 6 FAMILY BERAEIDAE ....................................................... 19 Genus Beraea Stephens................................................. 19 FAMILY BRACHYCENTRIDAE .............................................. 20 Genus Brachycentrus Curtis: Key to Species ................................ 22 Genus Micrasema MacLachlan: Key to Species.............................. 24 FAMILY CALAMOCERATIDAE .............................................. 26 Genus Anisocentropus MacLachlan........................................ 27 Genus Heteroplectron MacLachlan........................................ 28 FAMILY DIPSEUDOPSIDAE ................................................ 29 Genus Phylocentropus Banks: Key to Species ............................... 30 FAMILY GLOSSOSOMATIDAE .............................................. 32 Genus Protoptila Banks................................................. 32 FAMILY HELICOPSYCHIDAE ............................................... 33 Genus Helicopsyche von Siebold .......................................... 33 FAMILY HYDROPSYCHIDAE ............................................... 34 Genus Cheumatopsyche Wallengren....................................... 37 Genus Diplectrona Westwood: Key to Species ............................... 38 Genus Hydropsyche Pictet: Key to Species.................................. 39 Genus Macrostemum Pictet.............................................. 46 Genus Potamyia Banks ................................................. 47 FAMILY HYDROPTILIDAE .................................................. 48 Genus Hydroptila Dalman............................................... 52 Genus Mayatrichia Mosely.............................................. 52 iii Page HYDROPTILIDAE continued Genus Neotrichia Morton ............................................... 53 Genus Ochrotrichia Mosely.............................................. 53 Genus Orthotrichia Eaton............................................... 53 Genus Oxyethira Eaton ................................................. 54 Genus Stactobiella Martynov............................................. 54 FAMILY LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE .............................................. 55 Genus Lepidostoma Rambur............................................. 55 FAMILY LEPTOCERIDAE ................................................... 56 Genus Ceraclea Stephens: Key to Species .................................. 60 Genus Leptocerus Leach ................................................ 67 Genus Nectopsyche Muller: Key to Species ................................. 68 Genus Oecetis MacLachlan: Key to Species................................. 71 Genus Setodes Rambur: Key to Species .................................... 80 Genus Triaenodes MacLachlan: Key to Species.............................. 82 FAMILY LIMNEPHILIDAE .................................................. 95 Genus Ironoquia Banks................................................. 96 Genus Pycnopsyche Banks............................................... 97 FAMILY MOLANNIDAE ..................................................... 98 Genus Molanna Curtis: Key to Species..................................... 99 FAMILY ODONTOCERIDAE ................................................ 101 Genus Psilotreta Banks: Key to Species................................... 102 FAMILY PHILOPOTAMIDAE ............................................... 103 Genus Chimarra Stephens.............................................. 104 Genus Wormaldia MacLachlan.......................................... 104 FAMILY PHRYGANEIDAE ................................................. 105 Genus Agrypnia Curtis................................................. 107 Genus Banksiola Martynov............................................. 107 Genus Ptilostomis Kolenati............................................. 108 FAMILY POLYCENTROPODIDAE .......................................... 109 Genus Cernotina Ross................................................. 112 Genus Cyrnellus Banks ................................................ 112 Genus Neureclipsis MacLachlan: Key to Species............................ 113 Genus Nyctiophylax Tsuda ............................................. 115 Genus Polycentropus Curtis ............................................ 116 iv Page FAMILY PSYCHOMYIIDAE ................................................ 117 Genus Lype MacLachlan............................................... 118 Genus Psychomyia Latreille ............................................. 119 FAMILY RHYACOPHILIDAE ................................................ 120 Genus Rhyacophila Pictet: Key to Species ................................. 121 FAMILY SERICOSTOMATIDAE ............................................. 122 Genus Agarodes Banks ................................................ 122 FAMILY UENOIDAE ....................................................... 123 Genus Neophylax MacLachlan .......................................... 123 LITERATURE CITED ...................................................... 124 APPENDIX A: CHECKLIST OF FLORIDA CADDISFLIES ...................... 131 v -1- INTRODUCTION Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are a diverse and vital biotic component of freshwater ecosystems, having been able to adapt and succeed in nearly every type of aquatic habitat. Although the greatest species diversity occurs in cool running waters, many species inhabit lakes and ponds, as well as specialized habitats such as marshes, swamps, springs, seeps, and intermittent streams. A few species live on marine shores and some in moist soil as well. The biological roles of caddisflies in freshwater ecosystems have been well documented (Scott and Crossman, 1973; Wallace et al., 1982; Merritt et al., 1984; Irons et al., 1988), and their potential use as biological indicators of water quality is well known (Plafkin et al., 1989; Resh and Jackson, 1993; Johnson et al., 1993; Barbour et al., 1999). Caddisflies are one of the dominant aquatic insect groups in Florida. However, knowledge of the systematics of the caddisfly fauna in the state is still limited, most particularly for the larvae, the life stage that benthologists most often encounter in the field. Caddisflies are excellent indicators of water quality, and to appreciate fully the utility of the group as a bioassessment tool requires a good taxonomic knowledge of the fauna, particularly at the species level (Resh and Unzicker, 1975; Lenat, 1988). The ability to distinguish the larvae provides a better understanding of the patterns of population and production dynamics in freshwater ecosystems (Resh, 1976). The literature dealing with the taxonomy of the caddisflies of Florida is very scattered in various publications, and it is a time-consuming exercise to search these references. This manual represents our attempt to consolidate the available taxonomic information on the larval taxonomy of the caddisfly fauna in the state. The manual is far from being a panacea to the problem of limited taxonomic knowledge of the group but rather serves as a reminder of how much work still needs to be done. Larval-adult associations are available for only approximately 50% of the approximately 192 species represented in the state. The manual leaves plenty of room for improvement in this regard. A group as large as caddisflies requires years to conduct a more thorough and comprehensive taxonomic study. ABOUT THIS MANUAL Area covered: This manual was prepared to aid aquatic biologists in the identification of the caddisfly larvae of Florida. The manual provides keys to the families, genera, and species (where