Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Centre) Long-term fluctuations in gonatid squid (Gonatidae) abundance in the Okhotsk Sea Mikhail A. Zuev Nikolai S. Vanin Oleg N. Katugin Gennady A. Shevtsov The main goal reveal annual distribution patterns of squids of the family Gonatidae in the Sea of Okhotsk basing on data collected in TINRO-Centre research surveys with a purpose to estimate the role of these cephalopods in pelagic communities Methods: – analyze database on squid catches for a period from 1990 to 2008; – use the data to obtain patterns of spatial and seasonal on squid distribution and biology; – assess the role of different species in seasonal dynamics of distribution density in the epi- and mesopelagic layers in different years; – use synoptic observations to reveal relationships between squid distribution density and variability in atmospheric pressure in the study area Upper-mesopelagic Region expeditions investigations years (expeditions) northern Okhotsk Sea 20 12 1990-2008 southern 18 2 1990-2008 Okhotsk Sea off west 12 7 1998-2007 Kamchatka the entire Okhotsk Sea 25 13 1990-2008 - Investigations of epipelagic (0-200 m) - Investigations of epipelagic and upper- mesopelagic (200-500 m) northern Okhotsk Sea Kamchatka Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the northern Okhotsk Sea kg/km2 0,6 2 - Berryteuthis magister 0,5 4000,4 - Gonatus madokai 0,3 2000,2 0,1 0 w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о 1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000 1,2 - Boreoteuthis borealis 32001,1 1 - Gonatopsis japonicus 0,9 -epipelagic 14000,8 - Gonatus tinro 0 – 200 m 0,7 - Gonatidae 0,6600 0,5 0,4400 - upper 0,3 mesopelagic 0,2200 200 – 500 m 0,1 0 s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w 2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008 Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer kg/km2 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 kg/km2 GSP GMA 160 BBO BMA 120 80 40 0 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the northern Okhotsk Sea in different years in spring in the upper 500 m layer. 1,0 kg/km2 the share of each species 240 0,8 in the epipelagic zone (0–200 m) 200 0,6 160 120 0,4 80 0,2 40 0,0 0 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 kg/km2 GSP GMA Correlation coefficients 160 BBO BMA 120 0-500 BMA GMA 80 GMA -0,125 40 BBO 0,742 -0,194 0 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 GSP – Gonatidae sp; BBO – B. borealis; GMA – G. madokai; BMA – B. magister Biomass density (kg/km2 ) of squids Berryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis Berryteuthis magister Boreoteuthis borealis Novemberноябрь - Decemberдекабрь 2008 Novemberоктябрь - Decemberдекабрь 2007 60° 60° 55° 55° 50° 50° - безno catshулова 45° - менееless 100 100 45° - 100 - - 10000 10000 - moreболее 10000 140° 145° 150° 155° 140° 145° 150° 155° Biomass density (kg/km2) and size of squids Berryteuthis magister and Boreoteuthis borealis Berryteuthis magister2 2 ноябрьBd=333 - декабрь kg/km 2008 Bd=36 kg/km 60° 60° 55° 55° 140° 145° 150° 155° 140° 145° 150° 155° 14000 350 N 12000 300 N=25089 10000 250 Ср.=70мм N=1230 8000 200 Ср.=80мм 6000 150 4000 100 2000 50 41 9 67 1 0 11 0 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 dorsal mantle length, mm Biomass density (kg/km2) of Gonatus madokai in the upper epipelagic zone (0-50 m) in September-October 2003 Bd=2603 kg/km2 60° 55° 50° - безno уловаcatch 45° - менееless 100 100 - 100100 - -10000 10000 - болееmore 10000 140° 145° 150° 155° 160° Size of Gonatus madokai on the shelf (А) and continental slope (B) in September-October 2003 60° 55° N 60000 160 50000 N=157254 А 120 N=173 50° 40000 Ср.=44 мм Ср.=127мм 30000 80 20000 - без улова 40 45° - менее 100 10000 - 100 - 10000 90 - более 10000 0 0 140° 145° 150° 155° 160° 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 18000 250 15000 200 B N=47794 N=769 12000 Ср.=39мм 150 Ср.=147мм 9000 100 6000 50 3000 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 260 310 dorsal mantle length, mm Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the southern Okhotsk Sea -epipelagic - upper 0 – 200 m mesopelagic 200 – 500 m kg/km2 1 - Boreoteuthis borealis - Gonatopsis japonicus 0,9 - Berryteuthis magister - Gonatopsis octopedatus 0,8800 0,7 - Gonatus kamtschaticus - Gonatus tinro 0,6 600 - Gonatus madokai 0,5 0,4400 - Gonatidae 0,3 0,2200 0,1 0 w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о 1991][1992 1993 1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000 ][2002][2003 2004 2007 2008 Boreoteuthis borealis Vertical distribution during daytime and at night in the Bering Sea Number sp. 1,0 2,0 3,0 tons/km3 46,0 0,3 0,6 0,9 1,2 tons/km3 120 90 0 м 60 N night=359 adult 30 juvenal 0 20 40 м N day=2 40 40 N night=359 0 day 20 80 м 80 80 N night=37 night 0 20 120 м N day=2 120 120 N night=120 0 20 160 м 160 160 N night=24 0 20 200 м N day=2 200 200 N night=10 0 20 350 м N day=7 350 350 N night=28 0 20 500 м N day=25 500 500 N night=10 0 20 750 м N day=12 деньday nightночь 750 750 N night=9 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 DML, mm Biomass density (kg/km2) of Boreoteuthis borealis in the epipelagic zone (0-200 m) in September – November in 1998 and 2000 1998 Bd=810 kg/km2 2000 Bd=125 kg/km2 60° 60° 55° 55° 50° 50° - безno catshулова 45° - менееless 100 100 45° - 100 -- 10000 10000 - moreболее 1000010000 140° 145° 150° 155° 140° 145° 150° 155° Biomass density (kg/km2) Gonatidae in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic zones during winter, December 1990 – January 1991 0 –0 - 200200м m 200 –200 500 - 500 mм 2 2 60° Bd=72 kg/km 60° Bd=431 kg/km 55° 55° 50° 50° - безno улова catsh - менееless 10 10 - 10 - – 100 100 45° - 100100-1000 - 1000 45° - moreболее 10001000 140° 145° 150° 155° 140° 145° 150° 155° Share (%) of Gonatidae species in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic during winter, December 1990 – January 1991 - Boreoteuthis borealis - Gonatus tinro - Berryteuthis magister - Gonatopsis octopedatus - Gonatus madokai - Gonatidae Bd=72 kg/km2 Bd=431 kg/km2 45% 0 – 2000 - 200 mм 200 –200 500 - 500м m 40% 23%60° 13% 60° 22% 17% 25% 55° 55° 50° 50° - безno улова catsh - менееless 1010 - 10 - –100 100 45° - 100-1000100 - 1000 45° - moreболее 1000 1000 140° 145° 150° 155° 140° 145° 150° 155° 2 Biomass density (kg/km ) of the - epipelagic - upper Gonatidae off the west Kamchatka in 0 – 200 m mesopelagic the Okhotsk Sea 200 – 500 m kg/km2 1,4 54001,3 - Gonatus tinro - Berryteuthis magister 1,2 1,1 -Gonatus onyx - Boreoteuthis borealis 20001 0,9 -Gonatus kamtschaticus 18000,8 - Gonatus madokai 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4400 0,3 0,2200 0,1 0 s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w s s s о w 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006 ][ 2007 Baric observations in the Okhotsk Sea 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Anomaly of the difference in atmospheric pressure between Nikolaevsk- na-Amure and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski with different time of data averaging : Blue line – 7 months; Red line – 25 months; Black line – 61 months. Points – observations of atmospheric pressure during trawl survey Biomass density (kg/km2) of the Gonatidae in the northern Okhotsk Sea kg/km2 0,6 2 - Berryteuthis magister 0,5 4000,4 - Gonatus madokai 0,3 2000,2 0,1 0 w w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о w s s о о w s s о w s s s о 1991 ] [ 1993][1994 1995 ][ 1997 1998 1999 2000 1,2 - Boreoteuthis borealis 32001,1 1 - Gonatopsis japonicus 0,9 -epipelagic 14000,8 - Gonatus tinro 0 – 200 m 0,7 - Gonatidae 0,6600 0,5 0,4400 - upper 0,3 mesopelagic 0,2200 200 – 500 m 0,1 0 s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s s о w s s о w 2001 2002 ][ 2003 2004 2005 2006][2007 2008 Main atmospheric pressure field in Spring (March-May) 1997 2003 & 2004 2007 Atmospheric pressure field, favorable for penetration of warm Pacific waters into the Okhotsk Sea in spring (March-May) in 1997, 2003, 2004 and 2007.