THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/10193 SHARE Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers (2001) DETAILS 235 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-07568-8 | DOI 10.17226/10193 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Networked Systems of Embedded Computers; Computer Science and Telecommunications Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Research Council FIND RELATED TITLES SUGGESTED CITATION National Research Council 2001. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10193. 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Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Gov- erning Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engi- neering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. Moreover, the views, opinions, and findings contained in this report should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision, unless so desig- nated by other official documentation. Library of Congress Control Number: 2001093511 International Standard Book Number 0-309-07568-8 Additional copies of this report are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800/624-6242 202/334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine National Research Council The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating soci- ety of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedi- cated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its mem- bers, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advis- ing the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal gov- ernment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in pro- viding services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers COMMITTEE ON NETWORKED SYSTEMS OF EMBEDDED COMPUTERS DEBORAH L. ESTRIN, University of California at Los Angeles, Chair GAETANO BORRIELLO, University of Washington ROBERT PAUL COLWELL, Intel Corporation JERRY FIDDLER, Wind River Systems, Inc. MARK HOROWITZ, Stanford University WILLIAM J. KAISER, Sensoria Corporation NANCY G. LEVESON, Massachusetts Institute of Technology BARBARA H. LISKOV, Massachusetts Institute of Technology PETER LUCAS, Maya Design Group DAVID P. MAHER, InterTrust Technologies Corporation PAUL M. MANKIEWICH, Lucent Technologies RICHARD TAYLOR, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories JIM WALDO, Sun Microsystems, Inc. Staff LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Program Officer (Study Director beginning September 2000) JERRY R. SHEEHAN, Senior Program Officer (Study Director through August 2000) SUZANNE OSSA, Senior Project Assistant v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD DAVID D. CLARK, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair DAVID BORTH, Motorola Labs JAMES CHIDDIX, AOL Time Warner JOHN M. CIOFFI, Stanford University ELAINE COHEN, University of Utah W. BRUCE CROFT, University of Massachusetts at Amherst SUSAN L. GRAHAM, University of California at Berkeley JUDITH HEMPEL, University of California at San Francisco JEFFREY M. JAFFE, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies ANNA KARLIN, University of Washington MICHAEL KATZ, University of California at Berkeley BUTLER W. LAMPSON, Microsoft Corporation EDWARD D. LAZOWSKA, University of Washington DAVID LIDDLE, U.S. Venture Partners TOM M. MITCHELL, WhizBang! Labs, Inc. DONALD NORMAN, UNext.com DAVID A. PATTERSON, University of California at Berkeley HENRY (HANK) PERRITT, Chicago-Kent College of Law BURTON SMITH, Cray, Inc. TERRY SMITH, University of California at Santa Barbara LEE SPROULL, New York University MARJORY S. BLUMENTHAL, Executive Director HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist ALAN S. INOUYE, Senior Program Officer JON EISENBERG, Senior Program Officer LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Program Officer CYNTHIA PATTERSON, Program Officer JANET BRISCOE, Administrative Officer MARGARET HUYNH, Senior Project Assistant SUZANNE OSSA, Senior Project Assistant DAVID DRAKE, Project Assistant DAVID PADGHAM, Research Assistant BRANDYE WILLIAMS, Office Assistant vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Embedded, Everywhere: A Research Agenda for Networked Systems of Embedded Computers Preface ontinued advances in information technologies are enabling a growing number of physical devices to be imbued with comput- C ing and communications capabilities. Aircraft, cars, household appliances, cellular telephones, and health monitoring devices all contain microprocessors that are being linked with other information processing devices. Such examples represent only the very beginning of what is possible. As microprocessors continue to shrink, wireless radios are also becoming more powerful and compact. As the cost of these and related technologies continues to decrease, computing and communications tech- nologies will be embedded into everyday objects of all kinds to allow objects to sense and react to their changing environments. Networks comprising thousands or millions of sensors could monitor the environ- ment, the battlefield, or the factory floor; smart spaces containing hun- dreds