Aviation Safety Successes and Challenges Jim Burin Director of Technical Programs Flight Safety Foundation WhatWhat isis thethe FliFligghtht SafetySafety FoundationFoundation ?? • Independent • Non-Profit • International Founded in 1947 by Aviation Industry FSFFSF Goal:Goal: MakeMake AviationAviation SaferSafer byby ReducingReducing thethe RiskRisk ofof anan AccidentAccident The Fleet - 2006 Type Western Built Eastern Built Total Turbojets 17,609 1,839 19,548 Turboprops 4,774 1,710 6,484 Business Jets 12,724 Hull Loss Accidents Western Built Commercial Jets (>60,000 lbs) 1960 thru 2005 10 . 0 0 8.00 5.64 6.00 es per million departures ss 4.00 2.16 1.47 2.00 1.29 0.89 Hull Loss Rate in lo 0.00 60's 70's 80's 90's 2000's Source: Boeing, AvSoft Major Accidents Commercial Jets 1 January to 31 December 2006 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 8 February UPS DC-8F Philadelphia, USA Enroute 0 3 May Armavia A-320 Alder-Sochi, Russia Approach 113 9 July S7 Airlines A-310 Irkutsk, Russia Landing 126 22 August Pulkovo Aviation TU-154 Nr. Donetsk, Ukraine Enroute 170 27 August Comair CRJ-100 Lexington, KY, USA Takeoff 49 1 September Iran Air Tours TU-154 Mashhad, Iran Landing 28 29 September GOL B-737 Sao Felix, Brazil Enroute 154 3 October Mandala Airlines B-737 Tarakan, Indonesia Landing 0 10 October Atlantic Airways BAE-146 Stord-Sorstokken, Norway Landing 4 29 October ADC Airlines B-737 Abuja, Nigeria Takeoff 96 18 November Aerosucre Colombia B-727 Bogota, Colombia Approach 5 Source: Ascend WhyWhy TheyThey areare thethe ““KillersKillers”” 2004: 196 Commercial Jet Fatalities 0 CFIT, 1 Loss of Control 2005: 778 Commercial Jet Fatalities 5 CFIT, 3 Loss of Control Major Accident Rate Western-Built Commercial Jets 1993 – 2006 s** e 1.60 5 year running average 1.20 million departur 0.80 Major Accident Rate (per million departures) 0.40 Accident rate per 0.00 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: Ascend CFIT, Approach and Landing, and Loss of Control Major Accidents Western-Built Commercial Jets CFIT accident rate s Approach and landing accident rate Loss of Control accident rate 1.5 1.0 3 year moving average (CFIT) 3 year moving average (Approach and landing) 3 year moving average (Loss of Control) 0.5 nts per million departure 0.0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Major Accide Year Departure data not available for Eastern-Built Aircraft Source: Ascend, Boeing Hawaii - 27 Sept 1999 - Navajo - 10 Fatalities CFIT - Touring Part 135 Major Accidents Commercial Turboprops (> 14 seats) 1 January to 31 December 2006 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 2 January Ruenzori Airways Antonov 26 Fataki, DR Congo Climb 0 24 January Aerolift Antonov 12 Mbuji Mayi, DR Congo Landing 0 5 February Air Cargo Carriers Shorts 360 Watertown, WI, USA Enroute 3 8 February Tri Costal Air Metro II Paris, TN, USA Enroute 1 11 March Air Deccan ATR 72 Bangalore, India Landing 0 18 March Ameriflight Beech 99 Butte, MT, USA Enroute 2 28 March Phoenix Avia Antonov 12 Payam, UAE Climb 0 31 March TEAM Let 410 Saquarema, Brazil Enroute 19 16 April TAM Fokker-27 Guayaramerin, Bolivia Landing 1 24 April Air Million Cargo Antonov 32 Lashkar, Afghanistan Landing 2 27 April LAC Skycongo Convair 580 Amisi, DR Congo Landing 8 23 May Air Sao Tome DHC-6 Twin Otter San Tome, Africa Approach 4 5 June Merpati Nusantara CASA 212 Bandanaira, Indonesia Landing 0 21 June Yeti Airlines DHC-6 Jumla, Nepal Approach 9 7 July Mango Airlines Antonov 12 Goma, DR Congo Climb 6 10 July PIA Fokker 27 Multan, Pakistan Takeoff 45 12 July TransAfrik Lockheed Hercules Kigoma, Tanzania Approach 0 Source: Ascend Major Accidents Commercial Turboprops (> 14 seats) 1 January to 31 December 2006 Con’t Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 29 July Adventure Aviation DHC-6 Sullivan, MO, USA Takeoff 6 3 August Tracep AN-28 Bukavu, DR Congo Approach 17 4 August AirNow EMB-110 Bennington, VT, USA Approach 1 13 August Air Algerie Lockheed Hercules Piacenza, Italy Enroute 3 28 August Paraguay Air Service Nomad 22B Cerrillos, Argentina Enroute 0 17 November Trigana Air Service DHC-6 Puncak Jaya, Inodnesia Enroute 12 30 December Sky Relief DHC-5 Nairobi, Kenya Takeoff 0 Source: Ascend Hull Loss Accidents Worldwide Business Jets 1 January to 31 December 2003 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 7 Jan Coturisca SA Premier 1 Santo Domingo, DR Landing 0 15 Mar Dancing Wind Aviation Citation 501 Hailey, ID USA Descent 3 8 Apr Grand Aire Express Falcon 20 St. Louis, MO USA Approach 0 8 Apr Grand Aire Express Falcon 20 Swanton, OH USA Approach 3 1 Jun Eurojet Italia Learjet 45 Milan, Italy Takeoff 2 22 Jul Tango Corporation Citation 525 Nr. Coupeville, WA USA Climb 0 23 Jul Cruz de Malta Taxi Aereo Citation II Sorocaba, Brazil Landing 1 4 Aug Air East Learjet 35 Nr. Groton, CT USA Approach 2 19 Sep Ameristar Jet Charter Learjet 25B Del Rio, TX USA Landing 1 20 Sep Star Flite Aviation HS-125-700A Nr. Beaumont, TX USA Approach 3 27 Oct Aeroxtra SA de CV HS-125-800 Nr. Tampico, Mexico Approach 3 12 Nov Multi Aero, Inc. Learjet 24 Nr. Belleville, MO USA Climb 0 18 Nov HAALO, Ltd. Citation II Mineral Wells, TX USA Landing 0 23 Dec Pavair Inc. Learjet 24 Nr. Helendale, CA USA Climb 2 * Business, Corporate, or Executive Jet Operations Source: Airclaims Hull Loss Accidents Worldwide Business Jets 1 January to 31 December 2004 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 24 Feb 04 Cable TV Airlines Citation 1 Cagliari, Italy Approach 6 25 Aug 04 Grafair Citation II Venice, FL USA Approach 0 24 Oct 04 Med Flight Air Ambulance Lear 35 San Diego, CA USA Climb 5 22 Nov 04 Business Jet Services Gulfstream III Houston, TX USA Approach 3 28 Nov 04 Air Castle CL-600 Montrose, CO USA Takeoff 3 30 Nov 04 Grand Air Express HFB-320 Howell Island, MO USA Takeoff 2 01 Dec 04 GAMA Aviation Gulfstream IV Teterboro, NJ USA Landing 0 Source: Airclaims * Business, Corporate, or Executive Jet Operations Hull Loss Accidents Worldwide Business Jets 1 January to 31 December 2005 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 1 January Jet Services Citation II Ainsworth, NE, USA Approach 0 28 January Million Air Learjet 35 Kansas City, MO, USA Landing 0 2 February Platinum Jet Challenger 600 Teteroboro, NJ, USA Takeoff 0 21 February Scott Aviation HS 125 Bromont, Canada Approach 0 16 February Circuit City Stores Citation V Pueblo, CO, USA Approach 8 24 February Colima State Gov Westwind Morelia, Mexico Enroute 7 8 March Air Global Citation I Caracas, Venezeula Approach 2 9 May Compas Acquisitions Sabeliner Brownwood, TX, USA Takeoff 0 15 May Weibel Scientific Citation I Atlantic City, NJ, USA Landing 0 20 May Jet 2000 Falcon 20 Moscow, Russia Descent 0 15 July Aspen Aviation Learjet 35 Vail, CO, USA Landing 0 1 September USA Jet Falcon 20 Elyria, OH, USA Takeoff 0 16 September Viacao Cometa Citation 525 Rio de Janerio, Brazil Climb 2 5 November Houston Cardiac Assoc Citation I Houston, TX, USA Takeoff 2 28 December Skyward Aviation Lear 35 Truckee, CA USA Landing 2 Source: Airclaims, Aviation Safety Network, News Reports Major Accidents Business Jets 1 January to 31 December 2006 Date Operator Aircraft Location Phase Fatal 2 January Avcom Hawker 700 Kharkov, Ukraine Approach 3 24 January Goship Air Citation V Carlsbad, CA, USA Landing 4 15 February Jet 2000 Falcon 20 Kiel, Germany Landing 0 16 February Lech Air Citation I Busckin, Iraq Descent 6 2 June International Jet Charter Lear 35 Groton, CT, USA Approach 2 26 June Great Ideas Corp Hawker F3 Barcelona, Venezuela Landing 0 5 July Vigojet Saberliner Mexico City, Mexico Landing 0 19 July Tomco II Citation Encore Cresco, IA, USA Landing 2 28 August Netjets Hawker 800 Carson City, NV, USA Descent 0 30 December Fact Air Saberliner Culiacan, Mexico Approach 2 Source: Ascend 1991 - 2000 Corporate Aviation ALA Summary Total Fatal Accidents 195 54 ALA 97 (50%) 36 (66%) CFIT 40 (21 %) 26 (48%) Accident Phases of Flight 1991 - 2002 Go-Around Landing Approach Descent Non-Fatal Cruise Fatal Climb Takeoff Ground 020406080100 Causes of Approach and Landing Accidents 1991 - 2002 Other Gear-Up Hard Landing Loss of Control Non-Fatal Undershoot Fatal CFIT Runway Excursion 0204060 Boeing B 777 Cockpit Airbus A 330 Cockpit c 68 TCASTCAS HeadHead UpUp DisplayDisplay (HUD)(HUD) TAWSTAWS EFBEFB Safety Efforts are Data Driven 3 7 Accident Date Location Aircraft Accident Description Portion Intervention Name Class Type of EGPWS CFIT TRN 5 0 Description Accident 3 6 Portion of World Fle Eliminated.600 .900 Acciden 0 0 Intervention Effecti 2 5 CFIT 1/2/1988 IZMIR, TURKEY 737 HIT MOUNTAIN ON APPROACH .657 .950 .226 n 52 Accidents1 04 CFIT 2/8/1988 LUANDA, ANGOLA 707 HIT ANTENNA ON APPROACH .586 .800 .226 CFIT 2/27/1988 KYRENIA MTS, CYPR 727 HIT MOUNTAIN ON APPROACH .657 .950 .226 0 0 CFIT 3/17/1988 CUCUTA, COLUMBIA 727 HIT MOUNTAIN DURING CLIMB .657 .950 .226 t Millio 1 3 s 2 CFIT 6/12/1988 POSADAS, ARGENTIN MD80 CRASHED ON FINAL APPROACH .203 .000 .226 Departures 5 Traffic Growth 0 CFIT 7/21/1988 LAGOS, NIGERIA 707 CRASHED ON APPROACH .203 .000 .226 1 2 CFIT 10/17/1988 ROME, ITALY 707 LANDED SHORT .203 .000 .226 0 (Millions)/Rate Per 3 0 CFIT 10/19/1988 AHMEDABAD, INDIA 737 LANDED SHORT .586 .800 .226 5 Accident Rate 1 CFIT 2/8/1989 SANTA MARIA AZORE 707 TERRAIN IMPACT/DESCENT .657 .950 .226 0 0 CFIT 2/19/1989 KUALA LUMPUR, MAL 747 TERRAIN IMPACT/APPROACH .657 .950 .226 1 CFIT 6/7/1989 PARAMARIBO, SURIN DC8 TERRAIN IMPACT/FINAL APPRO .203 .000 .226 Based on current accident rate CFIT 7/27/1989 TRIPOLI, LIBYA DC10 TERRAIN IMPACT/FINAL APPRO .203 .000 .226 2 Based on industry estimate CFIT 8/25/1989 ANKARA, TURKEY 727 HIT ILS ANT.