Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science Volume 76 1997 Published by the South Dakota Academy of Science Academy Founded November 22, 1915 Editor Kenneth F. Higgins Terri Symens, Wildlife & Fisheries, SDSU provided secretarial assistance Tom Holmlund, Graphic Designer We thank former editor Emil Knapp for compiling the articles contained in this volume. TABLE OF CONTENTS Minutes of the Eighty-Second Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science........................................................................................1 Presidential Address: Can we live with our paradigms? Sharon A. Clay ..........5 Complete Senior Research Papers presented at The 82nd Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science Fishes of the Mainstem Cheyenne River in South Dakota. Douglas R. Hampton and Charles R. Berry, Jr. ...........................................11 Impacts of the John Morrell Meat Packing Plant on Macroinvertebrates in the Big Sioux River in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Craig N. Spencer, Gwen Warkenthien, Steven F. Lehtinen, Elizabeth A. Ring, and Cullen R. Robbins ...................................................27 Winter Survival and Overwintering Behavior in South Dakota Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda). Jonathan C. Wright ................................45 Fluctuations in Daily Activity of Muskrates in Eastern South Dakota. Joel F. Lyons, Craig D. Kost, and Jonathan A. Jenks..................................57 Occurrence of Small, Nongame Mammals in South Dakota’s Eastern Border Counties, 1994-1995. Kenneth F. Higgins, Rex R. Johnson, Mark R. Dorhout, and William A. Meeks ....................................................65 Use of a Mail Survey to Present Mammal Distributions in South Dakota. Carmen A. Blumberg, Jonathan A. Jenks, and Kenneth F. Higgins ................................................................................75 A Survey of Natural Resource Professionals Participating in Waterfowl Hunting in South Dakota. Jeffrey S. Gleason and Jonathan A. Jenks..........................................................................................91 The Importance of Conservation Reserve Program Fields to Breeding Grassland Birds at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota. Krecia L. Leddy, David E. Naugle, and Kenneth F. Higgins.................................................105 Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota. Robert E. Usgaard, David E. Naugle, Robert G. Osborn, and Kenneth F. Higgins ..............................................113 The Origin of Waterfalls in the Black Hills, South Dakota. Charles Michael Ray and Perry H. Rahn....................................................119 Stable Carbon Isotopes in Celtis (Ulmacaea) from the Beaver Creek Shelter, Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota and Paleoclimatic Interpretations. Mark L. Gabel, Marlina Cowan, and Larry L. Tieszen....................................................................................131 Comparison of Implements for Improving Sodic Rangeland Soils. John Bechtold, F. R. Gartner, E. M. White.................................................139 Atrazine and Alachlor Adsorption Characteristics to Benchmark Soil Series in eastern South Dakota. Z. Liu, S.A. Clay, J. Gaffney, and D. Malo.................................................................................................147 Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) in NoTill Soybean (Glycine max). B.L. Broulik, J. Lems, S.A. Clay, D.E. Clay, and M.M. Ellsbury ....................................................159 Leafy Spurge—A review. Sharon A. Clay and Chad M. Scholes ...................171 Stress Effects and Evolution of Direct Development in Echinoid Echinoderms. Leland G. Johnson and Teresa L. Fitzgerald-Brown........189 Comparing Estimates of Some Bivariate Survival Functions Under Random Censorship. Bonaventure A. Anthonio......................................199 Determination of Ozone Optical Depths from Shadowband Radiometer Data. Stephen D. Hawks and Stephen Schiller ...................211 Strengthening and Deformation Mechanisms in the First Generation of AL-LI Alloys 2091 and 8090. Dajun Chen and Glen A. Stone............217 Illuminance is a Point Source is an Oscillating Function of Distance in a Hyperspherical Universe. Richard P. Menzel....................................225 Sources of Natural Resource Information, Non-Consumptive Use of Wildlife and Changes in South Dakota Residents’ Attitudes Toward Hunting Between 1973 and 1989. Nancy J. Dietz, Kenneth F. Higgins, and Robert D. Mendelsohn ......................................229 Student Opinions About Hunting in South Dakota. Robert D. Mendelsohn, Nancy J. Dietz, and Kenneth F. Higgins...........239 Trace Metals in Water and Sediments of Wetlands in the Rainwater Basin Area of Nebraska. Christine C. Gordon, Lester D. Flake, and Kenneth F. Higgins ..............................................................................253 Abstracts of Senior Research Papers presented at The 82nd Annual Meeting of the South Dakota Academy of Science Determining the Prevalance of Whirling Disease in Idaho Rivers. Bryan Ledgerwood, Dale Droge, and Steve Elle ......................................265 A Characterization of Water Chemistry and Plankton from Four Prairie Lakes. Theodore B. McMillan and Lois Haertel.......................................267 Role of Wetlands in Agricultural Systems. D.H. Rickerl and L.L. Janssen ..................................................................................................269 Paleontological Resource Survey of State-Administered Lands in South Dakota. Bruce A. Schumacher, James E. Martin, and Curt Johnson ........................................................................................271 Sedimentology of the Coarse-Grained Deposits from the Quaternary Fossil Lake Area in South-Central Oregon. Janet L. Bertog, James E. Martin, and Allen J. Kihm ...........................................................273 Fossil Invertebrates of the Niobrara Formation in South Dakota. James E. Martin, Bruce A. Schumacher, David C. Parris, and Barbara Smith Grandstaff ....................................................................275 Additional Quaternary Vertebrates from the Chamber of Lost Souls, Wind Cave National Park, Southwestern South Dakota. James E. Martin and Ruth Anderson..........................................................277 Preliminary Studies on Distribution of Phyllachora on Poaceae. A.C. Gabel, L.H. Tiffany, and M.L. Gabel..................................................279 Studies on a South Dakota Population of Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines. James L. Jones and James D. Smolik ....................281 Preliminary Examination of the Effect of Direction of Slope of Field on Growth and Yields of Corn Plants in Northwestern Iowa. Troy McKenney and Donna Hazelwood .......................................283 Black Dot Flea Beetle Genetic Diversity as Measured at Two Loci—MDH and PGM. Mark A. Brinkman, Sharon A. Clay, and Nels H. Granholm................................................................................285 Allelopathy in Echinacea Angustifolia D.C. Roots. Peter A. Jauert and R. Neil Reese ........................................................................................287 Allelopathic Potential of Echinacea angustifolia D.C.’s Root Extracts. Kimberly Piechowski and R. Neil Reese....................................................289 Thyroxine Effects on Ivertebrate Development. Leland G. Johnson, Jessica E. Kullbom, Stephanie L. Priesz, Shana N. Strand, and Katherine M. Faber ..............................................................................291 Agouti Gene Regulation of Thiol (CYS amd GSH) Concentrations in Livers of Mice. J.T. Brunz, R. N. Reese, and N. H. Granholm................293 Des-Acetyl-Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and Melanogenesis in B16 Melanoma Cells. P. Ramasastry and N.H. Granholm.....................................................................................295 Serum Estradiol Levels in the Lethal Yellow Mouse. Maureen Diggins, Dustin Dierks, Julia Spiry, and Nels Granholm.........................................297 Molecular Characterization of the Bovine Homolog of the Agouti Gene. M.D. Johansen, R.R.R. Rowland, and N.H. Granholm .................299 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infects Camelid Cell Lines. A.A. Ali, A.A. Salama, T.A. Aboellail, and C.C. Chase .............................................301 Use of Digotonin to Differentially Strip the Tegumental Membrane Surrounding the Strobila and Bladder Regions of Taenia Taeniaformis Strobilocerci. E.J. Olson, D.J. Robison, S.R. Duimstra and M.B. Hildreth ................................................................303 Mathematical Analysis of a Model for the Growth of a Single Species Cell: Ribosome Dependence Model. A.S. Elkhader ...............................305 Mathematical Models for the Visualization of Juggling. Richard D. Simmons and Douglas J. Peters ..............................................307 Modification of Carbon Electrode Surfaces. Royce C. Engstrom, Brian D. Lamp and Betsy B. Ratcliff ..........................................................309 Creating and Imaging Microstructures on Surfaces. Miles Koppang, Robert Carson, Paul Verbanac and Wenchun Chao..................................311 South Dakota Academy of Science 1997 Junior Academy Winning Papers Stuck with Duck Yuck? Justin L. Herreman ....................................................315