Pascal Tutorial PASCAL TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com tutorialspoint.com i ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Pascal Tutorial Pascal is a procedural programming language, designed in 1968 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth and named in honor of the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal. Pascal runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and various versions of UNIX/Linux. This tutorial will give you great understanding on Pascal to proceed with Delphi and other related frameworks etc. Audience This tutorial is designed for Software Professionals who are willing to learn Pascal Programming Language in simple and easy steps. This tutorial will give you great understanding on Pascal Programming concepts and after completing this tutorial you will be at intermediate level of expertise from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of software basic concepts like what is source code, compiler, text editor and execution of programs etc. If you already have understanding on any other computer programming language then it will be an added advantage to proceed. Compile/Execute Pascal Programs If you are willing to learn the Pascal programming on a Linux machine but you do not have a setup for the same, then do not worry. The compileonline.com is available on a high end dedicated server giving you real programming experience with a comfort of single click compilation and execution. Yes! it is absolutely free and its online. Copyright & Disclaimer Notice All the content and graphics on this tutorial are the property of tutorialspoint.com. Any content from tutorialspoint.com or this tutorial may not be redistributed or reproduced in any way, shape, or form without the written permission of tutorialspoint.com. 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If you discover that the tutorialspoint.com site or this tutorial content contains some errors, please contact us at [email protected] iii Table of Contents Pascal Tutorial .......................................................................... i Audience ................................................................................... i Prerequisites ............................................................................. i Compile/Execute Pascal Programs ........................................... i Copyright & Disclaimer Notice ................................................... i Pascal Overview ...................................................................... 1 Features of the Pascal Language? .................................................................. 1 Facts about Pascal ........................................................................................ 1 Why to use Pascal? ....................................................................................... 2 Environment ............................................................................. 3 Installing Free Pascal on Linux ....................................................................... 4 Installing Free Pascal on Mac ......................................................................... 4 Installing Free Pascal on Windows ................................................................. 4 Text Editor ................................................................................................... 4 Program Structure .................................................................... 6 Pascal Hello World Example .......................................................................... 7 Compile and Execute Pascal Program: ............................................................ 8 Basic Syntax ............................................................................ 9 Functions/Procedures ................................................................................ 9 Comments ................................................................................................. 9 Case Sensitivity ....................................................................................... 10 Pascal Statements ................................................................................... 10 Reserved Words in Pascal....................................................................... 10 Character set and Identifiers in Pascal .................................................... 10 Data Types ............................................................................. 12 Pascal Data Types: .................................................................................. 12 Type Declarations: ................................................................................... 13 Integer Types ........................................................................................... 13 Constants................................................................................................. 14 Enumerated types .................................................................................... 14 Subrange Types ...................................................................................... 15 Variable Types ....................................................................... 16 Basic Variables in Pascal ........................................................................ 16 Variable Declaration in Pascal ................................................................. 17 Variable Initialization in Pascal ................................................................ 18 Enumerated Variables ............................................................................. 19 Subrange Variables ................................................................................. 19 Constants ............................................................................... 21 iii Declaring Constants ................................................................................ 21 Operators ............................................................................... 23 Arithmetic Operators ................................................................................ 23 Relational Operators ................................................................................ 24 Boolean Operators ................................................................................... 26 Bit Operators ............................................................................................ 27 ................................................................................................................. 29 Operators Precedence in Pascal ............................................................. 29 Decision Making ..................................................................... 31 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 34 Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 34 Example: .................................................................................................. 35 The if-then-else if-then-else Statement .................................................... 35 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 35 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 37 Example: .................................................................................................. 37 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 38 Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 39 Example: .................................................................................................. 40 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 40 Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 41 Example: .................................................................................................. 41 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 42 Example: .................................................................................................. 42 Loops ..................................................................................... 43 while-do loop ............................................................................................ 44 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 44 Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 45 Example: .................................................................................................. 45 For-do LOOP ........................................................................................... 46 Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 46 Example: .................................................................................................. 47 ................................................................................................................