Ekonomska Fakulteta

Ekonomska Fakulteta

UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA MAGISTRSKO DELO ALEKSANDRA JUVAN ŽUNK UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA MAGISTRSKO DELO ENERGETIKA V ZASAVJU S POUDARKOM NA UPLINJEVANJU PREMOGA V TET Ljubljana, junij 2010 ALEKSANDRA JUVAN ŽUNK IZJAVA Študentka Aleksandra Juvan Žunk izjavljam, da sem avtorica tega magistrskega dela, ki sem ga napisala v soglasju s svetovalcem dr. Vladom Dimovskem in da v skladu s 1. odstavkom 21. člena Zakona o avtorskih in sorodnih pravicah dovolim njegovo objavo na fakultetnih spletnih straneh. V Ljubljani, dne 28.06.2010 Podpis: _________________________ KAZALO UVOD ................................................................................................................................... 1 1 OPREDELITEV IN TRENDI ENERGETIKE ........................................................ 4 1.1 Viri električne energije................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Neobnovljivi viri ................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1.1 Jedrska energija............................................................................................. 5 1.1.1.2 Ogljična (fosilna) goriva................................................................................ 6 1.1.1.2.1 Nafta .......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1.2.2 Zemeljski plin............................................................................................ 7 1.1.1.2.3 Premog in lignit ......................................................................................... 8 1.1.2 Obnovljivi viri energije ......................................................................................... 8 1.1.2.1 Vetrna energija.............................................................................................. 9 1.1.2.2 Sončna energija ........................................................................................... 10 1.1.2.3 Geotermalna energija................................................................................... 10 1.1.2.4 Hidro energija.............................................................................................. 10 1.1.2.5 Biomasa ....................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Pridobivanje elektrike...............................................................................................11 1.2.1 Zgodovina elektrike............................................................................................. 11 1.2.2 Vrste elektrarn ..................................................................................................... 12 1.2.2.1 Hidroelektrarna............................................................................................ 13 1.2.2.2 Termoelektrarna........................................................................................... 15 1.2.2.3 Ostale elektrarne.......................................................................................... 16 1.2.2.4 Gradnja energetskih objektov v EU v letu 2009 ......................................... 17 1.3 Trendi v energetiki ....................................................................................................17 1.3.1 Svetovni trendi..................................................................................................... 18 1.3.2 Trendi v EU ......................................................................................................... 21 1.3.3 Trendi v Sloveniji ................................................................................................ 24 2 ENERGETSKI POTENCIAL V SLOVENIJI ....................................................... 27 2.1 Energetski trg v Sloveniji..........................................................................................28 2.1.1 Konkurenčnost..................................................................................................... 34 2.1.2 Zanesljivost zagotavljanja ................................................................................... 35 2.1.3 Vplivi na okolje ................................................................................................... 36 2.2 Pomen in vloga termoelektrarn in premogovništva ...............................................37 2.3 TET in njegov pomen................................................................................................38 2.3.1 Zakon o postopnem zapiranju Rudnika Trbovlje – Hrastnik in razvojnem prestrukturiranju regije ter njegov vpliv na TET............................... 38 2.3.1.1 Izvor energetike v Zasavju .......................................................................... 38 2.3.1.2 Zapiranje RTH............................................................................................. 40 2.3.2 Pomen in vloga TET in RTH za okolje v RS ...................................................... 44 2.3.2.1 Pomen in vloga v socio-ekonomskem okolju.............................................. 45 i 2.3.2.2 Pomen in vloga v dejavnosti ...................................................................... 48 2.3.2.3 Pomen in vloga v državi.............................................................................. 50 3 MOŽNI SCENARIJI RAZVOJA ENERGETIKE V ZASAVJU......................... 52 3.1 Podaljšanje proizvodnje v RTH za potrebe TET................................................... 54 3.1.1 Razlogi za podaljšanje proizvodnje v RTH..........................................................54 3.1.2 Učinki podaljšanja proizvodnje v RTH................................................................54 3.1.3 SWOT analiza podaljšanja proizvodnje...............................................................55 3.1.4 Strategija ravnanja z nepremičninami..................................................................57 3.1.5 Osnova za podaljšanje proizvodnje......................................................................59 3.2 Prenova 125-megavatnega bloka (blok 4) TET z možnostjo ogrevanja Zasavja ....................................................................................................................... 60 3.2.1 Razlogi za prenovo...............................................................................................60 3.2.2 Primerjava obstoječega bloka 4 s prenovljenim...................................................61 3.2.3 SWOT analiza ......................................................................................................61 3.2.4 Učinki prenove .....................................................................................................62 3.3 Pridobitev koncesije za gradnjo verige hidroelektrarn na srednji Savi .............. 63 3.3.1 Razlogi za pridobitev koncesije ...........................................................................63 3.3.2 Razlogi za gradnjo................................................................................................64 3.3.3 SWOT analiza ......................................................................................................65 3.3.4 Trenutno stanje projekta.......................................................................................65 3.4 Gradnja plinsko-parne enote z možnostjo nadgradnje tehnologije uplinjanja premoga................................................................................................... 66 3.4.1 Razlogi za gradnjo................................................................................................66 3.4.2 Proces IGCC.........................................................................................................66 3.4.3 Učinki IGCC ........................................................................................................68 3.4.4 Tehnične značilnosti za plinsko-parno elektrarno................................................68 3.4.5 SWOT analiza ......................................................................................................69 3.4.6 Trenutno stanje projekta gradnje plinsko parne enote .........................................70 SKLEP................................................................................................................................ 71 LITERATURA IN VIRI................................................................................................... 74 PRILOGE ii KAZALO TABEL Tabela 1: Vrste elektrarn po načinu pogona........................................................................ 12 Tabela 2: Povprečna letna proizvodnja HE v Sloveniji....................................................... 14 Tabela 3: Povprečna letna proizvodnja TE v Sloveniji ....................................................... 16 Tabela 4: Ključne usmeritve IEA za energetsko učinkovitost ............................................ 19 Tabela 5: Tehnološki postopki in učinki na zmanjšanje emisij CO2 .................................. 20 Tabela 6: Hidroenergetski potencial slovenskih rek ........................................................... 31 Tabela 7: Primerjava med investicijo TEŠ 6 in NEK 2....................................................... 34 Tabela 8: Potenciali za proizvodnjo zelene električne energije iz OVE v Sloveniji............................................................................................................ 36 Tabela 9: Prikaz načrtovanega zmanjšanja števila zaposlenih za obdobje 2010– 2014 .................................................................................................................

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