István Ormos Max Herz Pasha 1856–1919 His Life and Career I INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D’ARCHÉOLOGIE ORIENTALE Études urbaines 6/1 – 2009 – Le Caire TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I AVANT-PROPOS ............................................................................................................................. V FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................... VII Chapter I. LIFE ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. Childhood and Early Adolescence .................................................................................................. 1 2. The Budapest Years ......................................................................................................................... 2 3. The Vienna Years ............................................................................................................................. 4 4. Egypt ............................................................................................................................................... 10 4.1. The Journey to Egypt ............................................................................................................. 10 4.2. Egypt in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century ............................................................ 14 4.3. Julius Franz Pasha .................................................................................................................. 15 4.4. Employment ........................................................................................................................... 16 4.5. Honours .................................................................................................................................. 19 4.6. Family Life ............................................................................................................................. 25 4.7. Retirement and Departure ...................................................................................................... 26 5. Illness and Death ............................................................................................................................. 33 6. Personality ....................................................................................................................................... 40 6.1. Character ................................................................................................................................ 40 6.2. Love for his Family ................................................................................................................ 41 6.3. Sense of Humour .................................................................................................................... 42 6.4. Hungarian Connections .......................................................................................................... 42 max herz pasha Chapter II. THE ConservatoR .......................................................................................... 49 1. The Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l’Art Arabe ........................................................ 49 2. “Preservation and Restoration” – Herz Pasha’s Methods ............................................................... 70 2.1. The Testimonies of Contemporaries ...................................................................................... 70 2.2. The Beginnings of the Institutional Care of Monuments ....................................................... 76 2.3. A Closer Look at the Works Themselves ............................................................................... 80 3. Herz Pasha’s Activities at the Head of the Comité .......................................................................... 90 4. The Extension of the Comité’s Sphere of Authority to Include Monuments of Coptic Art ............ 95 4.1. The Testimony of Printed Sources ......................................................................................... 95 4.2. Murqus Simayka Remembers ................................................................................................ 97 4.3. A New Source ........................................................................................................................ 100 5. After Herz Pasha.............................................................................................................................. 101 6. The Documentation ......................................................................................................................... 105 Chapter III. THE PRoTECTED MoNuMENTS* .............................................................. 107 1. Arab-Islamic Monuments ................................................................................................................ 108 1.1. The Mosque of al-Mu’ayyad Šayḫ ........................................................................................ 108 1.2. The Mosque of Abū Bakr ibn Muzhir .................................................................................... 118 1.3. The Mosque of Sultan Barqūq ............................................................................................... 120 1.4. The Mausoleum of Sultan Barqūq (Complex of Faraǧ ibn Barqūq) ...................................... 132 1.5. The Māridānī Mosque ............................................................................................................ 133 1.6. Al-Aqmar Mosque ................................................................................................................. 140 1.7. The Mosque of Qiǧmās al-Isḥāqī ........................................................................................... 142 1.8. The Mosque of Ǧawhar al-Lālā ............................................................................................. 145 1.9. The Mosque of al-Ẓāhir Baybars ........................................................................................... 146 1.10. The Ḫānqāh of Baybars al-Ǧāšankīr ...................................................................................... 146 1.11. The Madrasa of Qāyitbāy intra muros ................................................................................... 146 1.12. The Mosque of Aḥmad al-Mihmandār ................................................................................... 147 1.13. The Fadāwiyya Dome ............................................................................................................ 147 1.14. The Mosque of Āqsunqur ...................................................................................................... 148 1.15. The Mosque of al-Qāḍī Yaḥyā Zayn al-Dīn ........................................................................... 149 1.16. The Madrasa-Ḫānqāh of Sultan al-Ašraf Barsbāy ................................................................. 151 1.17. The Madrasa of umm al-Sulṭān Šaʿbān ................................................................................. 151 1.18. The Mosque of Maḥmūd al-Kurdī ......................................................................................... 151 * For technical reasons, the sequence of monuments within question. A chronological list of the monuments as well as each paragraph corresponds to the approximate chronol- a numerical list appear in the Index. The Index of Proper ogy of Herz Pasha’s involvement with the monuments in Names lists the monuments in alphabetical order. table of contents 1.19. The Mosque of al-Azhar ........................................................................................................ 179 1.20. The Mosque of Sayyidnā al-Ḥusayn ...................................................................................... 199 1.21. The Mausoleum of Imam al-Šāfiʿī ......................................................................................... 199 1.22. The Mosque of Ibn Ṭūlūn ...................................................................................................... 200 1.23. The Mosque of Ǧamāl al-Dīn al-ustādār ............................................................................... 201 1.24. The Mosque of Aydamur al-Bahlawān .................................................................................. 202 1.25. The Mosque of al-Ṣāliḥ Ṭalā’iʿ .............................................................................................. 202 1.26. The Mosque of Salār wa-Sanǧar al-Ǧāwlī ............................................................................. 204 1.27. The Madrasa of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad .................................................................................... 204 1.28. The Mosque of Aṣlam al-Bahā’ī ............................................................................................ 204 1.29. Masǧid al-Banāt (al-Madrasa al-Faḫriyya) ............................................................................ 205 1.30. The Madrasa of Ṣarġatmiš ..................................................................................................... 206 1.31. The Complex of Sultan al-Ġūrī .............................................................................................. 206 1.32. The Zāwiya of Faraǧ ibn Barqūq ........................................................................................... 207 1.33. The Mosque of Asanbuġā .....................................................................................................