3 Section 3 Transportation TRANSPORTATION CONTENTS TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................................................................................I 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.2 Reference Documents ...................................................................................................... 4 3.1.3 Objective........................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.4 Guidelines ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.1.5 Functions of a Transportation Corridor ............................................................................ 8 3.1.6 Road Safety Audit ............................................................................................................ 9 3.1.7 Design and Access Statements ....................................................................................... 9 3.2 Engineering Design ...................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 Corridor Alignment, Width and Cross Section components ........................................... 11 3.2.3 Formation Width ............................................................................................................. 13 3.2.4 Structures ....................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.5 Visibility........................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.6 Berms ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.2.7 Survey Marks ................................................................................................................. 14 3.2.8 Cut / Fill Batters .............................................................................................................. 15 3.2.9 Intersections ................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.10 Roundabouts .................................................................................................................. 17 3.2.11 No-exit roads, Cul-de-sac, Lanes and Private ways ...................................................... 18 3.2.12 Road Pavement .............................................................................................................. 19 3.2.13 Road Surfacing ............................................................................................................... 21 3.2.14 Road Drainage ............................................................................................................... 22 3.2.15 Parking ........................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.16 Footpaths, Pedestrian Accessways and Walkways ....................................................... 26 3.2.17 Facilities for Vision Impaired Pedestrians ...................................................................... 27 3.2.18 Cycle Facilities ............................................................................................................... 27 3.2.19 Vehicle Crossings/Entrances ......................................................................................... 28 3.2.20 Road Lighting Design ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2.21 Special Vehicle lanes ..................................................................................................... 37 3.2.22 Traffic Control Devices – Line Marking and Signs ......................................................... 37 3.2.23 Feature Entrance Walls, Berm and Street Furniture ...................................................... 37 3.2.24 Safety Barriers ................................................................................................................ 37 3.2.25 Fencing ........................................................................................................................... 38 3.2.26 Trees and Landscaping .................................................................................................. 38 3.2.27 Structures and Underpasses .......................................................................................... 38 3.2.28 Traffic Signals ................................................................................................................. 40 3.2.29 Traffic Calming Devices ................................................................................................. 40 3.2.30 Over-Dimensional Vehicle Routes ................................................................................. 40 3.3 Construction ................................................................................................................................. 41 3.3.1 Pavement Materials ........................................................................................................ 41 3.3.2 New Pavement Construction .......................................................................................... 43 3.3.3 Ripping and Cement Stabilisation .................................................................................. 45 3.3.4 Testing ............................................................................................................................ 45 3.3.5 Concrete Works .............................................................................................................. 45 3.3.6 Road Stormwater Drainage (Kerb, Channel and catchpits) Construction ..................... 48 3.3.7 Road Surfacing Construction ......................................................................................... 50 3.3.8 Berms ............................................................................................................................. 52 3 Section 3 Transportation 3.3.9 Footpaths, Cycle Paths and Vehicle Crossings ............................................................. 53 3.3.10 Privateways .................................................................................................................... 55 3.3.11 Road Signs and Street Furniture .................................................................................... 56 3.3.12 Pedestrian Barrier Rails and Handrails .......................................................................... 63 3.3.13 Walkway Barriers and Cycle Racks ............................................................................... 63 3.4 Line Marking ................................................................................................................................. 65 3.4.1 Setting Out and Timing ................................................................................................... 65 3.4.2 Paint Types .................................................................................................................... 65 3.4.3 Equipment Certificates and Staff Competence .............................................................. 66 3.4.4 Raised Pavement Markers (RPM) ................................................................................. 66 3.4.5 Removal of Line marking................................................................................................ 67 3.4.6 High Friction or Coloured Aggregate Surfacing ............................................................. 67 3.4.7 Coloured Markings ......................................................................................................... 69 3.4.8 Temporary Markings ...................................................................................................... 70 3.4.9 Non Standard Markings.................................................................................................. 70 3.5 Street Lighting Construction ......................................................................................................... 71 3.5.1 Installation ...................................................................................................................... 71 3.5.2 Connection to network .................................................................................................... 71 3.5.3 Installation ...................................................................................................................... 71 3.5.4 Cables ............................................................................................................................ 72 3.5.5 Trenching ....................................................................................................................... 72 3.5.6 Lighting Upgrades .......................................................................................................... 72 3.5.7 Existing Luminaires, Columns and Control Gear Made Redundant .............................