POLITECNICO DI TORINO MSc Degree in Production and Technological Innovation Engineering Future logistics solutions estimation through LCV market trends analysis and urban freight transport investigation ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR CANDIDATE Guido Perboli Davide Franco Mariangela Rosano COMPANY SUPERVISOR Fedele Ragusa Academic year 2018/2019 Future logistics solutions estimation through LCV market trends analysis and urban freight transport investigation Davide Franco RINGRAZIAMENTI Prima di lasciare spazio alla trattazione, mi sento in dovere di ringraziare tutti coloro che, in un modo o nell’altro, hanno creduto in me e mi hanno aiutato durante questi anni di percorso universitario. Un primo ringraziamento va al mio relatore, il prof. Guido Perboli, per le sue preziose indicazioni e per la disponibilità mostrata. Un altro ringraziamento va alla mia correlatrice, la dott.ssa Mariangela Rosano, per i suoi validi consigli e per il tempo che mi ha dedicato. Un altro ringraziamento va al mio tutor aziendale, l’ing. Fedele Ragusa, per i suoi fondamentali consigli e per avermi fornito tutto il materiale necessario. Un ringraziamento particolare va ai miei genitori, che da sempre hanno creduto in me e mi hanno sostenuto, permettendomi di arrivare fin qui. Desidero inoltre ringraziare i professori del Politecnico di Torino e della Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, per la qualità della formazione universitaria che mi hanno trasmesso, e anche i miei colleghi di Fiat Professional, per l’ambiente estremamente collaborativo e disponibile che ho trovato durante la mia esperienza lavorativa con loro. Infine, un ringraziamento va anche ai miei amici e compagni di corso, con i quali ho condiviso questo percorso e che sono sempre stati presenti al momento di festeggiare i successi e di riconoscere gli errori. Future logistics solutions estimation through LCV market trends analysis and urban freight transport investigation Davide Franco TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 ORIGIN AND MOTIVATION ........................................................................................................ 6 OBJECTIVE AND PURPOSE ......................................................................................................... 6 STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................................... 7 1 INTRODUCTION TO LCV ............................................................................................... 9 1.1 HISTORY OF LCV ............................................................................................................ 9 1.2 LCV MARKET ................................................................................................................ 12 1.3 LCV SEGMENTATION ................................................................................................... 14 2 URBAN GOODS TRANSPORT INVESTIGATION .............................................................. 22 2.1 OVERVIEW OF URBAN GOODS TRANSPORT ............................................................... 22 2.2 MARKET AND STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................... 24 2.3 DRIVERS OF CHANGE ................................................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Urbanization ........................................................................................................ 29 2.3.2 E-commerce ........................................................................................................ 33 2.4 PROBLEMS CAUSED BY GOODS TRANSPORT OPERATIONS ........................................ 41 2.4.1 Environmental issues .......................................................................................... 41 2.4.2 Safety issues ........................................................................................................ 42 2.4.3 Noise.................................................................................................................... 44 2.5 IMPACT OF GOODS TRANSPORT ACROSS SECTORS .................................................... 45 2.6 NEW LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS ....................................................................................... 47 2.6.1 Analysis of the solutions ..................................................................................... 48 2.6.1.1 Urban consolidation centers ........................................................................... 48 2.6.1.2 Electric vehicles ............................................................................................... 50 2.6.1.3 Load pooling .................................................................................................... 52 2.6.1.4 Combination of passenger and parcel delivery ............................................... 55 2.6.1.5 Night delivery .................................................................................................. 57 2.6.1.6 Autonomous light commercial vehicles ........................................................... 58 2.6.1.7 Parcel lockers ................................................................................................... 59 2.6.1.8 Bike delivery .................................................................................................... 62 2.6.2 Choice of the best solutions ................................................................................ 64 2.7 LOGISTICS SOLUTION SCORECARD .............................................................................. 67 1 Future logistics solutions estimation through LCV market trends analysis and urban freight transport investigation Davide Franco 3 LCV MARKET TRENDS ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 68 3.1 METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS ...................................................................................... 68 3.1.1 Data sources ........................................................................................................ 68 3.1.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 70 3.2 LARGE VAN SEGMENT ANALYSIS................................................................................. 72 3.2.1 Vehicle body type ................................................................................................ 73 3.2.2 Gross Vehicle Weight .......................................................................................... 74 3.2.3 Horsepower ......................................................................................................... 75 3.2.4 Transmission ....................................................................................................... 76 3.2.5 Driven wheels ...................................................................................................... 78 3.2.6 Vehicle length ...................................................................................................... 79 3.3 VAN ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 81 3.3.1 Gross Vehicle Weight .......................................................................................... 82 3.3.2 Horsepower ......................................................................................................... 84 3.3.3 Transmission ....................................................................................................... 86 3.3.4 Driven wheels ...................................................................................................... 88 3.3.5 Vehicle length ...................................................................................................... 90 3.3.6 Electric vehicles ................................................................................................... 92 3.3.7 Characteristics of the travel ................................................................................ 95 3.4 LOGISTICS SOLUTION SCORECARD .............................................................................. 98 4 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 99 4.1 FUTURE LOGISTICS ESTIMATION ................................................................................. 99 4.2 FIAT DUCATO ............................................................................................................. 104 4.2.1 Present .............................................................................................................. 104 4.2.2 Future ................................................................................................................ 107 4.3 FINAL CONSIDERATION ............................................................................................. 110 4.4 RESULTS ..................................................................................................................... 112 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 113 2 Future logistics solutions estimation through LCV market trends analysis and urban freight transport investigation Davide Franco LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Fiat 29HP, source [9] ....................................................................................................