DOCUMENT RESUME ED 439 037 SO 030 775 AUTHOR Radkey, Janet TITLE Teaching about Hungarian and Polish Heroes. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Program, 1998 (Hungary/Poland). SPONS AGENCY Center for International Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 20p.; For other projects from the 1998 Hungary/Poland program, see SO 030 773-781. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; *Cultural Context; *European History; Foreign Countries; High Schools; Social Studies; Thematic Approach IDENTIFIERS Fulbright Hays Seminars Abroad Program; Heroes; *Hungary; *Poland ABSTRACT This curriculum project about the history and culture of Hungary and Poland is intended for secondary school students. Theproject features a unit called "Heroes in Our Lives" and points out the sacrifices a few individuals have made for the betterment of all. Students identify heroes and learn about the impact these heroes have made on history and onsociety. Hungarian heroes discussed in the unit are: King Stephen I, Imre Nagy, Ferenc Rakoczi, and Louis Kossuth. Polish heroes discussed are: J. Pitsudski, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Janusz Korczak, Pope John Paul II, and Lech Walesa;other heroes discussed are Raoul Wallenberg, the 1956 Hungarian Freedom Fighters, and the Solidarity Workers. Teaching methods for the unit include lectureand discussion, a slide presentation on heroic sites, selected readings, poetry, group activities, and an essay accompanied by an oralpresentation on heroes in society and heroes in each individual's life. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. N O cJ Teaching about Hungarian and Polish Heroes. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad Program 1998 (Hungary/Poland). by Janet Radkey O U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement Cr) EDUCAT AL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as O received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent CI) official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 Janet Radkey Page 1 Fulbright - Hays Summer Seminars Abroad Curriculum Project submitted by Janet Radkey Participant in the Hungary- Poland Seminar - 1998 OBJECTIVES : # 1 -Students understand how economic, political, cultural and socialprocesses interact to shape patterns of human populations, interdependence, conflict,and cooperation in our ever-changing world. # 2Students understand the chronological organization of history and know howto group people and events into major eras to identify and explain historical relationships. # 3Students identify heroes in their lives and understand the relevance of heroesto history and society. # 4Students understand the history and culture of Central Europe. STRATEGIES : Teaching in a secondary school with a variety of learning levels requiresa variety of teaching methods. This unit on "Heroes in Our Lives" will attempt to pointout the sacrifices a few have made for the betterment of all.I want each student to experience the emotion of having a hero and appreciating the impact heroes makeon history and on society. Teaching methods will include :lecture and discussion, a slide presentation on heroic sites, selected readings, poetry, group activities andan essay accompanied by an oral presentation on heroes in society and heroes in each individual's life. Students will also experience the richness of Hungarian and Polishculture through food preparation and tasting accompanied by folk music of Hungary andPoland. Students will be "introduced" to several Hungarian and Polish heroes. those people to be studied and discussed will be : Hungarians :King Stephen I , Imre Nagy, Ferenc Rakoczi, Louis Kossuth, The 1956 Hungarian Freedom Fighters and the Swedish-born Raoul Wallenberg who helped Hungarians escape Nazi persecution. Poles : J. Pitsudski, Kosciuszko, Janusz Korczak, Pope John Paul II, Lech Walesa and the Solidarity Workers. Students will discuss those characteristics they beliefare necessary for a person to possess before he/she can be considered heroic. 'Students will research historical events in American history that exhibit the Janet Radkey Page 2 importance of hero worship in our society and our culture. *Students will compare their findings to the events that created the great heroes of Hungary and Poland. *Students will discuss in groups why heroes are vital for the survival of individual cultures and sovereign nations. * Students will discover the impact of Hungarian and Polish heroes on world history. Students will research the connections between Hungary, Poland and the United States throughout history and our "shared" heroes. MATERIALS : Primary Sources 1. LectureThe History of Hungary "Heroes and Scapegoats" Prof. Attila Pok ( Hungarian Academy of Sciences ). Budapest 24. June 1998 2. Lecture - Ethnic Minorities in Hungary and the HolocaustDr. Borisz Szegal ( Eotvos Lorand Univ. of Science ) Budapest 30. June 1998 3. Lecture "The Hungarian Mystery" - Patterns of Immigration Dr. Tibor Frank ( Eotvos Lorand University of Science) Budapest 1. July 1998 4. SightseeingHeroes Square, Monument to Raoul Wallenberg, Holocaust Tree streets of Budapest where 1956 Freedom-Fighters marched in protest of Soviet rule. 5. Visit to Kerepesi Cemetery guided by Dr. Tibor Frank. The cemetery is the final resting place for numerous Hungarian heroes including Lajos Kossuth. 6. Lecture - Polish History - Prof. Adam Walaszek ( Jagiellonian University ) Krakow 13. July 1998. 7. Lecture - "Polish Society in Transition"Prof. Jacek Wasilewski ( Jagiellonian University ) Krakow 15. July 1998. 8. Lecture- "Church and State Relations Mr. Adam Szostkiewicz Krakow 16. July 1998. 9. On sight visit Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp 17. July 1998. 10. Lecture Communism, Solidarity and the New Social Order : Polish Workers Yesterday and Tomorrow"Prof. Jacek Wasilewski ( Jagiellonian University ) Krakow 20. July 1998. 11. Interview - Mr. Andrezej Jonas EditorIn Chief, The Warsaw Voice 24. July 1998. 12. Visit to the Gdansk Shipyards, birthplace of Solidarity Movement. 4 Janet Radkey Page 3 13. Krakow sightseeingemphasis on role of Pope John Paul II and the Catholic Church in Polish historyDr. Kazimierz Baran ( Jagiellonian University ) Krakow 15. July 1998. 14. Lecture - " Poland's History and Culture Dr. Dorota Gostynska ( Polish Academy of Science ) Warsaw 27. July 1998. 15. Slides taken and purchased during Fulbright-Hays seminarsummer 1998 Secondary Sources 1. Lazar, Istvan. Hungary: A Brief History. Budapest : Corvina Books, 1997. 2. Haraszti, E.H. Kossuth : Hungarian Patriot In Britain. Budapest : Corvina Books, 1994. 3. Laszlo, Gyula. The Magyars : Their Life and Civilization. Budapest : Corvina Books, 1996. 4. Molnar, Eva. Hungary : Essential Facts, Figures and Pictures. Budapest: Kossuth Printing House Co. 1997. 5.Fekete, Gyula. Hungary. Budapest : Corvina Books, 1997. 6. Michener, James A. The Bridge At Andau . New York : Fawcett Crest Publishing. 1957. 7. Lifton, Betty Jean.The King Of Children : The Life and Death of Janusz Korczak. New York : St. Martin's Press. 1997. 8. Korczak, Janusz. King Matt I: Warsaw : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Incorporated. 1988. 9. Korczak, Janusz. When I Am Little Again & the Child's Right To Respect. New York: University Press of America. 1991. 10. Swiebocki, Teresa and Henryk. Auschwitz : Voices From The Ground. Milan, Italy : Milanostama. 1995. 11. Gielzynski ,Wojciech. Poland. Warsaw : Parma Press. 1997. 12. Szilagyi, Janos Gyorgy.A Forty-Eighter's Vita Contemplativa". The Hungarian Quarterly Spring 1998 : 3 -17. 13. Lemnis, Maria., and Vitry, Henryk. Old Polish Traditions. New York, N.Y. Hippocrene Books, 1996. 5 Janet Radkey Page 4 14. Davies, Norman. Heart Of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1986. 15. Davies, Norman. In God's Playground Vol. 2 : 1795 to the Present. New York : Columbia University Press. 1984. 16. Michener, James A. Poland. Chicago : MacMillan Library Reference. 1983. 17. Paul II, John. Crossing The Threshold Of Hope. New York: Random House Inc. 1994. 1 6 Janet Radkey Page 5 QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION : Heroes in History Why are they important ? Heroes in History Why does a society need them ? Heroes in HistoryHow are heroes an integral part of culture and heritage ? Heroes in History Who are the great heroes of Hungary ? Who are the great heroes of Poland ? How do Poland and Hungary's heroes compare to the great heroes of the United States ? Heroes in HistoryHow do ordinary people fight to end Nazi oppression and save the lives of the innocent ? Heroes in HistoryHow did the heroes of the 1956 Revolution in Hungary help lay the foundation for democracy and the transition to a market economy in the 1990s ? Heroes in HistoryHow did the heroes of the Solidarity Movement help Poland gain its freedom from Russian communism ? 7 I Janet Radkey Page 6 BACKGROUND NOTES: Teachers preparing lessons on Hungary and Poland must research the rich history and culture of these countries. These nations have long intense histories and they have deep ties to the United States. Hungary and Poland will enter NATO in April of 1999 and it will be essential that Americans have a better understanding of these exciting members of Central Europe. The United States has received thousands of Hungarian