The Practical Design of Advanced Marine Vehicles By: Chris B. McKesson, PE School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering College of Engineering University of New Orleans 2009 Version: Fall 2009 rev 0 This work sponsored by: US Office of Naval Research Grant No: N00014‐09‐1‐0145 1 2 CONTENTS 1 Summary & Purpose of this Textbook ................................................................................................ 27 1.1 Relationship of the Course to Program Outcomes ..................................................................... 28 1.2 Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Resources .................................................................................................................................... 28 1.3.1 Numbered references cited in the text ................................................................................. 29 1.3.2 Important references not explicitly cited in the text ............................................................ 31 1.3.3 AMV Web Resources ............................................................................................................. 32 1.3.4 AMV Design Agents ............................................................................................................... 32 1.3.5 AMV Builders ......................................................................................................................... 33 2 A Note on Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 34 3 About the Author ................................................................................................................................ 35 4 Navigating Without a Map .................................................................................................................. 36 4.1 Exploration 101 – Basic Explorer Skills ........................................................................................ 37 4.2 Exploring a design space ............................................................................................................. 37 5 The Search For Speed .......................................................................................................................... 39 5.1 What is Fast? What is Speed? .................................................................................................... 40 5.2 Higher Froude Number means More Power .............................................................................. 42 5.3 Hull Form vs Froude Number ...................................................................................................... 45 5.3.1 High Performance Monohulls ............................................................................................... 46 5.3.2 Stabilized Monohulls ............................................................................................................. 48 5.3.3 Catamarans ........................................................................................................................... 49 5.3.4 Wave Piercing Catamarans ................................................................................................... 50 5.3.5 Hydrofoil Assisted Catamarans ............................................................................................. 52 5.3.6 Hydrofoils .............................................................................................................................. 52 3 5.3.7 Surface Effect Ships ............................................................................................................... 54 5.3.8 ACVs or Hovercraft ................................................................................................................ 56 5.3.9 Wing in Ground Effect or “WIGs” .......................................................................................... 57 6 The Sustention Space .......................................................................................................................... 58 6.1 The Sustention Triangle .............................................................................................................. 58 6.1.1 The Problem With The Sustention Triangle .......................................................................... 59 6.2 The Sustention Cube ................................................................................................................... 60 6.2.1 First Axis: Static Lift or Dynamic Lift ...................................................................................... 61 6.2.2 Second Axis: Aero‐ Lift or Hydro‐ Lift .................................................................................... 61 6.2.3 Third Axis: Powered or Passive ............................................................................................. 61 6.3 The Contents of the Sustention Cube ......................................................................................... 62 6.3.1 Passive Hydrostatics .............................................................................................................. 62 6.3.2 Passive Hydrodynamics ......................................................................................................... 62 6.3.3 Passive Aerostatics ................................................................................................................ 62 6.3.4 Passive Aerodynamics ........................................................................................................... 62 6.3.5 Active Hydrostatics ................................................................................................................ 62 6.3.6 Active Hydrodynamics ........................................................................................................... 62 6.3.7 Active Aerostatics .................................................................................................................. 63 6.3.8 Active Aerodynamics ............................................................................................................. 63 6.4 Final Remarks on Sustention Space Models ............................................................................... 63 7 The Domain of the AMVs .................................................................................................................... 64 7.1 Performance Space – “Fast, Comfortable, and Cheap: Pick any two.” ....................................... 64 7.2 The Advanced Marine Vehicles? ................................................................................................. 64 7.2.1 Passive Hydro Static (Buoyant) AMVs ................................................................................... 65 7.2.1.1 Multihulls ...................................................................................................................... 65 4 7.2.1.1.1 Catamarans .............................................................................................................. 65 7.2.1.1.2 Trimarans ................................................................................................................. 67 7.2.1.1.3 SWATH – Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull ............................................................ 70 7.2.2 Passive Aero Static (Air Buoyant) AMVs ................................................................................ 76 7.2.3 Passive Hydro Dynamic (Dynamic Lift) AMVs ....................................................................... 76 7.2.3.1 Planing Craft ................................................................................................................. 77 7.2.3.2 Hydrofoils ..................................................................................................................... 77 7.2.4 Passive Aero Dynamic (Dynamic Lift) AMVs ......................................................................... 80 7.2.4.1 WIGs ............................................................................................................................. 80 7.2.5 Active Hydro Static (Powered Lift) AMVs .............................................................................. 83 7.2.5.1 ACV – Air Cushion Vehicle (hovercraft) ........................................................................ 84 7.2.5.2 Sidewall Hovercraft / Surface Effect Ship / SES ............................................................ 93 7.2.6 Active Aero‐Static AMVs ....................................................................................................... 97 7.2.7 Active Hydro Dynamic AMVs................................................................................................. 97 7.2.8 Active Aero‐Dynamic AMVs .................................................................................................. 97 8 What about Hybrids? .......................................................................................................................... 99 8.1 The Challenge .............................................................................................................................. 99 8.2 Missions And Speeds ................................................................................................................. 100 8.3 Speed And Lift ........................................................................................................................... 100 8.4 Drag