THE IMPLEMENTATION AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION PROGRAMME OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF KENYA IN MASENO NORTH DIOCESE BY PHILIP AMUKOA OWASI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN RELIGION DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION, THEOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY, SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES MASENO UNIVERSITY ©2018 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for any degree program in any University. Philip Amukoa Owasi Reg No. PG/Ph.D./REL/041/04 Signature ___________________________ Date______________________ This research project has been submitted for examination with the approval of the University supervisors: Prof. Sussy Gumo Department of Religion, Theology and Philosophy Maseno University Signature ___________________________ Date______________________ Prof. Crispinus Iteyo Department of Peace and Conflict Studies Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Signature ___________________________ Date______________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I would like to express my deep sincere appreciation to Maseno University, School of Graduate Studies for granting me an opportunity to undertake my doctorate degree. Special thanks also go to my supervisors: Prof. Sussy Gumo and Prof. Crispinus Iteyo for their critical but constructive supervision of my thesis. My sincere thanks are also extended to the lecturers, Department of Religion, Theology and Philosophy, Maseno University, for their support, guidance, helpful suggestions and positive criticism which led to the development of this research work. My special thanks is also to Rev. Bowers Lihanda the former Principal of The Pentecostal Bible College (PBC) Nyang‘ri Kenya, Rev Patrick Lihanda General Superintendent P.A.G Kenya and The Pentecostal Assemblies of God (P.A.G) Kenya, Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada (PAOC), The Governor of Vihiga County - Rev. Moses Akaranga and Fr. Ambrose Abong‘o who took part in this study and last, but not least, many thanks go to all my respondents from different backgrounds, who gave their full support in availing themselves for the interviews and focus group discussions, their cooperation, time and contribution without which this project would not have been a success. May all glory be to the almighty God through whom all things are made possible. I am also deeply indebted to my dear wife Irene K. Owasi and loving sons and daughters for their love and moral support during the research duration. iii DEDICATION Dedicated to dear wife Irene K. Owasi, loving daughters and sons, for their love and moral support during the entire research project duration. My mum Rosilani Amisi Owasi for her unwavering faith and prayer to see that we prosper in life as a family. iv ABSTRACT Corruption is a global problem which has affected many countries. Responding to it has required action from all, both at the international level, and also at the national level. In Kenya, the response is by both the government and non- governmental organizations that include Anglican Church of Kenya with its anti-corruption program. In spite of the efforts put into fight the vice, corruption rages on and remains widespread. It is unclear whether or not the widespread nature of corruption is related to the efforts made to combat it. As such, the overall objective of this study therefore was to investigate the implementation and the effectiveness of the anti-corruption programme of the ACK in Maseno North Diocese. Specifically, the study sought to examine the general perception of corruption by ACK members of Diocese of Maseno North, examine the program‘s methods of dealing with corruption in the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) Diocese of Maseno North, explore the adherents‘ attitude towards the anti-corruption program in the Anglican Church of Kenya Maseno North Diocese; and to lastly assess the impact of the anti- corruption program in the institutions of Anglican Church of Kenya Maseno North Diocese. The research was guided by the functional theory of religion as propounded by Emile Durkheim. According to this theory, religion is not only concerned with spiritual matters but also with social ills in the society which makes it to be an active participant in the society. Research design was descriptive. The study area was Maseno North Diocese of the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) that includes Vihiga and Kakamega counties. The study population was 17,500 adherents and by using Fisher et.al method, 384 were sampled for study. Three sampling procedures namely; simple random, purposive and systematic samplings were used in this study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed. Primary data collection methods included; interview, questionnaires, and focus group discussion. Secondary sources of data included both published and unpublished materials. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis were employed. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively based on the percentage of the respondents. Qualitative data was analyzed based on the views of the respondents and was categorized into various themes. The results of the study showed that members of the ACK Maseno North Diocese still felt that the church, just like any other institutions in Kenya, is rife with corruption and corrupt individuals. The ACK has put in place an anti-corruption programme based at the diocesan level that is slowly been trickled down to the parishes. Majority of the respondents felt that the ACK ant-corruption programme has not been very effective in implementation and that the impact of ACK anti-corruption programme is yet to be effective in the various institutions of ACK. The general conclusion is that the implementation and effectiveness of the ACK anti-corruption programme is still slow. Therefore there is need to effectively sensitize people on the anti-corruption programme in all parishes and ACK institutions to make it more effective on the ground. v TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………..i DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ ix OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS .............................................................................. x LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Study ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................................ 18 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 18 1.3.1 General Objective ................................................................................................................ 18 1.3.2 Specific Objectives .............................................................................................................. 18 1.3.2 Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 19 1.4 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................. 19 1.5 The Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 19 1.6 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 24 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 24 2.2 General Perception on Corruption .......................................................................................... 24 2.3 The Anti-Corruption Methods (Initiatives) In Dealing with Corruption ................................ 42 2.4 Impact of the Anti-Corruption Programs (Initiatives) on the People‘s attitude ...................... 60 2.5 The impact of Anti-Corruption Programmes on the Institutions ............................................ 81 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 90 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 90 3.2 Research Design.....................................................................................................................