Written by Darren Henley Darren Henley THE STORY OF CLASSICAL MUSIC CONTENTS Track List 2 Classical Music – from the notes on the page, through history, to performance today 30 Biographies: Darren Henley and Aled Jones 34 Aled Jones Feature 35 Historical Timeline 40 Acknowledgements and Credits 53 Other titles available from Naxos AudioBooks 55 2 1 The Story of Classical Music 2:14 THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD (600–1490) 2 The Year 600 – Music in Churches 2:06 Music featured: Anonymous Gregorian chant from the Proper of the Mass: Introitus – Adorate Deum Nova Schola Gregoriana; Turco 8.550711 3 Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179) 2:31 Music featured: O ignis spiritus Oxford Camerata; Summerly 8.550998 THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD (1490–1600) 4 Medieval to Renaissance 2:37 Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525/6–1594) Music featured: Missa Papae Marcelli Oxford Camerata; Summerly 8.550573 5 The Birth of Opera 3:45 Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643) Music featured: ‘Ecco pur ch’a voi’ from L’Orfeo Cappella Musicale di S Petronio di Bologna; Vartolo 8.554094–95 3 Concerto: Duo seraphim from Vespers of the Blessed Virgin The Scholars Baroque Ensemble 8.550662–63 Franciscus Bossinensis (fl.1510) Music featured: Recercar Christopher Wilson, lute 8.553694 THE BAROQUE PERIOD (1600–1750) 6 Into the 17th Century 3:04 Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687) Music featured: Entrée from Ballet des plaisirs Aradia Baroque Ensemble; Mallon 8.554003 7 London 2:10 Henry Purcell (1659–1695) Music featured: Voluntary in G Joseph Payne, organ 8.550718 Dido’s Lament from Dido and Aeneas Kym Amps, soprano; The Scholars Baroque Ensemble 8.553108 4 8 Germany 2:05 Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706) Music featured: Canon Anna Holbling, violin; Capella Istropolitana; Krcek 8.553221 9 Italy 2:04 Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1715) Music featured Concerto grosso No. 8 ‘Christmas Concerto’ Cologne Chamber Orchestra; Müller-Brühl 8.551077 10 Germany 6:51 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) Music featured: Toccata in D minor Wolfgang Rübsam, organ 8.550184 Chorale: O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden from St Matthew Passion Hungarian Festival Choir; Hungarian SSO; Oberfrank 8.553257 (Favourite Arias and Choruses) Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 Cologne Chamber Orchestra; Müller-Brühl 8.554607 Air on the G string from Orchestral Suite No. 3 Capella Istropolitana; Dvorˇák 8.554043 5 11 George Frideric Handel (1685–1759) 8:03 Music featured: Zadok the Priest Tallis Chamber Choir; Royal Academy Consort; Summerly 8.557003 Alla hornpipe from Water Music Capella Istropolitana; Warchal 8.550109 La Réjouissance from Firework Music Capella Istropolitana; Warchal 8.550109 Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah The Scholars Baroque Ensemble 8.550827 (Choral Masterpieces) Presto from Recorder Sonata in G minor László Czidra, recorder; Zsolt Harsányi, bassoon; Pál Kelemen, cello; Zsuzsa Pertis, clavichord 8.550700 12 Tomaso Albinoni (1671–1750) 2:16 Music featured: Adagio in G minor Pavel Bogacz, violin; Capella Istropolitana; Edlinger 8.553221 13 Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) 4:30 Music featured: Spring from The Four Seasons Takako Nishizaki, violin; Capella Istropolitana; Gunzenhauser 8.550056 Gloria in D major Oxford Schola Cantorum; Northern Chamber Orchestra; Ward 8.550767 6 THE CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750–1830) 14 The Classical Period – An Explanation 1:56 15 Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788) 1:24 Music featured: Sinfonia No. 4 in G major Salzburg Chamber Philharmonic Orchestra; Lee 8.553289 16 Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714–1787) 1:33 Music featured: Dance of the Blessed Spirits from Orfeo ed Euridice Drottningholm Court Theatre Orchestra; Ostman 8.660064 17 Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) 6:21 Music featured: Symphony No. 94 ‘The Surprise’ Capella Istropolitana; Wordsworth 8.553222 Symphony No. 45 ‘Farewell’ Capella Istropolitana; Wordsworth 8.553222 Symphony No. 101 ‘The Clock’ Capella Istropolitana; Wordsworth 8.553222 18 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) 5:21 7 19 Mozart’s great works 5:33 Music featured: Eine kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525 Capella Istropolitana; Sobotka 8.550026 Symphony No. 41 ‘Jupiter’ Capella Istropolitana; Wordsworth 8.550299 Non più andrai from The Marriage of Figaro Andrea Martin, baritone; Donna Robin, soprano; Capella Istropolitana; Wildner 8.550435 (Operatic Arias and Duets) Piano Concerto in C major, K. 467 Jeno´´ Jandó, piano; Concentus Hungaricus; Ligeti 8.550434 Requiem Soloists; Slovak Philharmonic Chorus; Slovak PO; Kosˇler 8.550235 Piano Sonata in A major, K. 331 Jeno´´ Jandó, piano 8.550258 A Musical Joke Jeno´´ Keveházi, horn; Kodály Quartet 8.550437 Der Vogelfänger bin ich ja from The Magic Flute Andrea Martin, baritone; Donna Robin, soprano; Capella Istropolitana; Wildner 8.550435 (Operatic Arias and Duets) Symphony No. 40 in G minor Capella Istropolitana; Wordsworth 8.550299 8 20 Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) 4:22 21 Beethoven’s great works 4:58 Music featured: Symphony No. 5 Nicolaus Esterházy Sinfonia; Drahos 8.553476 Piano Sonata in C sharp minor ‘Moonlight’ Jeno´´ Jandó, piano 8.550294 Egmont Overture Slovak PO; Gunzenhauser 8.550072 Symphony No. 1 Nicolaus Esterházy Sinfonia; Drahos 8.553474 Symphony No. 9 ‘Choral’ Soloists; Nicolaus Esterházy Chorus; Nicolaus Esterházy Sinfonia; Drahos 8.553478 THE ROMANTIC PERIOD (1830–1900) 22 Background History 2:22 23 The composer as a star 1:28 9 24 Nicolò Paganini (1782–1840) 2:48 Music featured: Caprice No. 24 in A minor Ilya Kaler, violin 8.550717 Violin Concerto No. 1 Ilya Kaler, violin; Polish NRSO; Gunzenhauser 8.550649 25 Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868) 2:04 Music featured: Overture to William Tell Zagreb Festival Overture; Michael Halász 8.556683 26 Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826) 2:04 Music featured: Clarinet Concerto No. 2 Ernst Ottensamer, clarinet; Slovak SPO, Kosice; Wildner 8.550378 27 Franz Schubert (1797–1828) 4:48 Music featured: Gretchen am Spinnrade (Gretchen at the Spinning-Wheel) Ruth Ziesak, soprano; Ulrich Eisenlohr, piano 8.554666 Piano Quintet in A major ‘Trout’ Jeno´´ Jandó, piano; István Tóth, double bass; Kodály Quartet 8.550658 Symphony No. 8, ‘Unfinished’ Slovak PO; Halász 8.550145 10 28 Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) 4:13 Music featured: Un bal from Symphonie fantastique San Diego Symphony Orchestra; Talmi 8.553597 Dies irae from Requiem Toronto Mendelssohn Choir; Elora Festival Orchestra; Edison 8.554494–95 29 Fryderyk Chopin (1810–1849) 4:58 Music featured: Nocturne in E Flat, Op. 9 No. 2 Balász Szokolay, piano 8.550291 Prelude in D Flat ‘Raindrop’ Irina Zaritzkaya, piano 8.550291 Piano Concerto No. 2 István Szekely, piano; Budapest SO; Nemeth 8.550123 30 Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) 5:51 Music featured: Overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream Slovak PO, Bramall 8.554433 Wedding March from A Midsummer Night’s Dream Slovak PO, Bramall 8.554433 The Hebrides Slovak PO, Dohnányi 8.554433 Violin Concerto in E minor Takako Nishizaki, violin; Slovak PO; Jean 8.550153 11 31 Franz Liszt (1811–1886) 2:02 Music featured: Hungarian Rhapsody No. 8 Jeno´´ Jandó, piano 8.554480 32 Robert Schumann (1810–1856) 1:35 Music featured: Piano Concerto in A minor Jeno´´ Jandó, piano; Budapest SO; Ligeti 8.550018 33 Clara Schumann (1819–1896) 1:33 Music featured: Romance, Op. 11 No. 1 Yoshiko Iwai, piano 8.553501 34 Johannes Brahms (1833–1897) 4:32 Music featured: Intermezzo in C sharp minor Idil Biret, piano 8.550354 Academic Festival Overture Belgian Radio and Television PO, Rahbari 8.550281 Piano Concerto No. 1 Jeno´´ Jandó, piano; Polish NRSO; Wit 8.553182 12 35 Max Bruch (1838–1920) 2:39 Music featured: Violin Concerto No. 1 Takako Nishizaki, violin; Slovak PO; Gunzenhauser 8.550195 36 Anton Bruckner (1824–1896) 1:37 Music featured: Symphony No. 4 ‘Romantic’ Royal Scottish NO; Titner 8.554128 37 Richard Wagner (1813–1883) 3:48 Music featured: The Ride of the Valkyries from The Valkyrie Slovak RSO; Mund 8.550211 Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin Slovak Philharmonic Chorus; Slovak RSO; Wildner 8.550507 38 Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901) 4:13 Music featured: Anvil Chorus from Il trovatore Slovak Philharmonic Chorus; Slovak RSO; Dohnányi 8.550241 Triumphal March and Chorus from Aida Slovak Philharmonic Chorus; Slovak RSO; Dohnányi 8.550241 La donna è mobile from Rigoletto Yordy Ramiro, tenor; Slovak RSO; Rahbari 8.554065 13 Dies irae from Requiem Soloists; Hungarian State Opera Chorus and Orchestra; Morandi 8.550944–45 39 Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880) 1:16 Music featured: Can-Can from Orpheus in the Underworld Slovak SPO, Kosice; Walter 8.550468 (Can-Can and Other Dances from the Opera) 40 The Waltz – The Strauss Family 4:18 Johann Strauss I (1804–1849) Music featured: Kettenbrücke-Walzer Tanzquartette Wien 8.555689 Radetzky March Budapest Strauss Ensemble; Bogar 8.550900 Johann Strauss II (1825–1899) Music featured: The Blue Danube Strauss Festival Orchestra; Lenárd 8.550152 41 Camille Saint-Saëns (1835–1921) 4:42 Music featured: The Carnival of the Animals Soloists; Slovak RSO; Lenárd 8.550335 14 42 Léo Delibes (1836–1891) 1:04 Music featured: Coppélia Slovak RSO; Mogrelia 8.553356–57 43 Georges Bizet (1838–1875) 2:01 Music featured: Overture from Carmen Soloists; Slovak Radio Symphony Chorus and Orchestra; Rahbari 8.550727 44 Russia, the national voice and the ‘Mighty Handful’ 2:10 45 Alexander Borodin (1833–1887) 1:25 Music featured: In the Steppes of Central Asia Slovak PO; Nazareth 8.550051 46 Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881) 4:28 Music featured: Pictures at an Exhibition Jeno´´ Jandó, piano 8.550044 Pictures at an Exhibition (orchestrated Ravel) Slovak PO; Nazareth 8.550051 Night on the Bare Mountain Slovak PO; Nazareth 8.550051 15 47 Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908) 3:47 Music featured: The Flight of the Bumble-Bee (arr. B. Traubas) from The Tale of Tsar Saltan Vytautas Sondeckis, cello; Lithuanian CO; Geringas 8.554381 (Romantic Music for Cello and Orchestra) Sheherazade Philharmonia Orchestra; Batiz 8.550726 48 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) 5:16 Music featured: The Sleeping Beauty Slovak RSO; Lenárd 8.553271 Swan Lake Slovak PO; Halász 8.553271 The Nutcracker Slovak PO; Halász 8.553271 Symphony No.