A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1965-1974 This book was published by ANU Press between 1965–1991. This republication is part of the digitisation project being carried out by Scholarly Information Services/Library and ANU Press. This project aims to make past scholarly works published by The Australian National University available to a global audience under its open-access policy. COLIN A. HUGHES A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1965-1974 AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY PRESS CANBERRA 1977 First published in Australia 1977 Printed in Australia for the Australian National University Press, Canberra, at Griffin Press Limited, Netley, South Australia © Colin A. Hughes 1977 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism, or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Hughes, Colin Anfield. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1965-1974. ISBN 0 7081 1340 0. 1. Australia—Politics and government—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. 320.994 Southeast Asia: Angus & Robertson (S.E. Asia) Pty Ltd, Singapore Japan: United Publishers Services Ltd, Tokyo Acknowledgments This Handbook closely follows the model of its predecessor, A Handbook o f Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, of which Professor Bruce Graham was co-editor, and my first debt is to him for the collaboration which laid down the ground rules. Mrs Geraldine Foley, who had been the principal research assistant for the original work, very kindly fitted in work on electoral data with her family responsibilities; once more her support has been invaluable. The heads of the various First Ministers’ departments and the Australian and State Electoral Officers have checked the text in the areas of their par­ ticular responsibilities, and academic colleagues have been helpful, but respon­ sibility for errors remains mine. Those errors in the previous Handbook which were subsequently identified are set out in Voting for the Australian House o f Representatives 1901-1964 following page 544. Miss Andrea Firth typed the text; Mrs Sam Mueller, Mrs Ann Mihulka, Mrs Karen Votto and a computer produced the tables in the Appendix. I am grateful to all of them. Contents Acknowledgments v Guide to the Handbook ix Part One THE COMMONWEALTH Governors-General and Administrators 3 Cabinet Law 3 Cabinet Lists 3 Portfolio Lists 15 NEW SOUTH WALES Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 23 Cabinet Law 23 Cabinet Lists 23 Portfolio Lists 28 VICTORIA Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 33 Cabinet Law 33 Cabinet Lists 33 Portfolio Lists 36 QUEENSLAND Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 41 Cabinet Law 41 Cabinet Lists 41 Portfolio Lists 44 SOUTH AUSTRALIA Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 48 Cabinet Law 48 Cabinet Lists 48 Portfolio Lists 52 WESTERN AUSTRALIA Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 57 Cabinet Law 57 Cabinet Lists 57 Portfolio Lists 60 vii viii Contents TASMANIA Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Administrators 67 Cabinet Law 67 Cabinet Lists 67 Portfolio Lists 69 Part Two THE COMMONWEALTH Electoral Law 77 The Elections 79 NEW SOUTH WALES Electoral Law 105 The Elections 105 VICTORIA Electoral Law 109 The Elections 110 QUEENSLAND Electoral Law 113 The Elections 113 SOUTH AUSTRALIA Electoral Law 117 The Elections 118 WESTERN AUSTRALIA Electoral Law 121 The Elections 122 TASMANIA Electoral Law 125 The Elections 125 Appendix I, Measures of Malapportionment 127 Postscript: 1975-1976 136 Guide to the 1965-1974 Handbook Governors-General, Governors, etc. The Governor-General or Governor in office on 1 January 1965 and his succes­ sors are listed. Decorations are not listed; local practice concerning the use of the title of Honourable is followed. Substantial periods of time when Lieutenant-Governors and Administrators administered the Commonwealth or State are shown, but not brief periods of a few days. Changes after 31 December 1974 are not shown. Cabinets Cabinet Law Each statute since 1 January 1965 is mentioned briefly in chronological order. Provisions relating to offices of profit, salaries and pensions, and statutes relating solely to these matters, are omitted. Cabinet Lists The first cabinet listed is that in office on 1 January 1965. Each cabinet list is given its title from the Prime Minister or Premier, save when a coalition was generally designated by the names of the two party leaders concerned. The party label generally used for the ministry is shown next, and finally the number of the ministry, such numbers starting with the first ministry after responsible government. Numbers employed are those used by official sources of the government concerned; thus one State may regard each ministry formed by the same Premier after successive elections as different ministries bearing successive numbers, while another State regards the series as con­ stituting a continuous ministry designated by a single number. Each cabinet list is headed by the Prime Minister or Premier. Ministers are listed in the order shown in the gazetted list; if such is not available, then as shown in the front of Hansards. Ministers sitting in the upper House are designated Senator or M.L.C. Those Ministers who were the original members of the ministry are shown above a line; those who joined it subsequently, below the line. The latter are shown in chronological order; when two or more joined the ministry on the same day seniority has been recognised if possible. However, when a Minister can best be regarded as an original member of the ministry even though he was not sworn in on the same day as the majority of its members, e.g. because of inability to be present at the swearing-in or because of x Guide to the Handbook some brief delay in selecting the ministry, he is shown above the line. Dates shown are the dates on which the Minister was gazetted. Members of a Com­ monwealth coalition ministry with a seat in Cabinet from the commencement of the ministry are shown by an asterisk; those who entered Cabinet subsequently are shown with the date. In Commonwealth Labor and all State ministries all ministers attended Cabinet. In a coalition ministry the party affiliation of each member is shown by an abbreviation after his name. In the list of portfolios given opposite each member of the ministry port­ folios held throughout its term are shown first without dates. Portfolios held for less than the full term of the ministry are then shown in chronological order, the shortest first. Where the portfolio was held from the start of the ministry, or until its termination, the first date or the last date respectively is not given. Semi-colons divide portfolios held for different periods of time, commas those held for the same period. For the ministry in office on 1 January 1965 changes in the ministry prior to that date are shown. When that ministry had been in office for some years previously changes are shown from the last major reconstruction prior to 1 January 1965. No changes after 31 December 1974 are shown. Ministers’ decorations are not listed; they may be ascertained easily from Hansard or Yearbooks. When a Minister had been knighted prior to assuming office in the ministry he is shown as Sir, but not when the knighthood was received during the period he held office. The notes explain why a particular ministry terminated and how its succes­ sor was chosen. Changes in portfolios during the life of a ministry are not usual­ ly explained, unless a number of simultaneous changes constituted a reconstruc­ tion of the ministry, or unless some particular significance attached to the change(s). Whenever dates can be identified precisely, these are given. Portfolio Lists Portfolios in existence on 1 January 1965 are listed first, followed by other port­ folios in the chronological order of their creation. Ministers without portfolio are shown last of all. Where an Assistant or subordinate Minister has been designated, this is shown immediately below the list for the principal portfolio, separated by a broken line, and the title of Assistant or subordinate Minister is shown in parentheses after the name of each holder. When a portfolio was left unfilled temporarily this will appear from the dates of tenure. When the title of a portfolio changed this is indicated, but the list is shown as continuous. Changes from an Honorary Minister, Minister in Charge, etc., to an ordinary Minister, and vice versa, are shown within a single portfolio list; titles are shown at each change. Acting Ministers have not been shown, even when these are shown in official Guide to the Handbook xi lists.. Portfolios shown under the heading ‘Special Arrangements’ are those which are comparable with ordinary portfolios; arrangements such as Ministers in charge of royal visits are not shown. Elections Electoral Law Each statute after 1 January 1965 is mentioned in chronological order. Provi­ sions relating to electoral offences are omitted. Elections Election results for the Commonwealth Senate and House of Representatives and for the lower House of each State are given in chronological order. (The decision to exclude State upper Houses follows that taken for the original Handbook. Constitutional provisions determining the relationship between the two chambers were omitted as a consequence of not describing the upper Houses.) They are given as consolidated State-wide totals; for the Com­ monwealth consolidated totals for the whole Commonwealth, then for each State, are shown. The arrangement below is followed for each election: After the heading there is a brief note identifying the parties concerned with the election. Where there is no note the parties are the same as at the previous election.