Ethnic Minority Development Plan November 2011 People’s Republic of China: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project (Jishou City Subproject) Prepared by the Hunan Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 November 2011) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1572 $1.00 = CNY6.3595 NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 2 Jishou Urban Flood Control Subproject ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Jishou City PMO 3 Table of Contents I.INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 II.BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 A. PROJECT DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………………………………………………4 B. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN HUNAN……………………………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. C. LEGAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 III. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. A. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………………………………………………….ERR OR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. B. MINORITY POPULATION IN FOUR RIVER BASINS…………………………………………………………………….ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. C. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT COUNTIES……………………………………………………………………….9 D. ETHINIC MINORITIES IN JISHOU CITY…………………………………………………………………………........12 E. ETHNIC MINORITIES IN PROJECT PROTECTED AREAS (PPA) …………………………………………………….13 F. ETHNIC GROUPS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION………………………………………………………………………..16 G. SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MINORITY COMMUNITIES………………………………………………17 H. ON GOING MINORITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS………………………………………………………………...20 IV. PROJECT IMPACTS ON MINORITIES…………………………………………………………………………...22 A. PAST FLOOD IMPACT……………………………………………………………………………………………......22 B. PROJECT BENEFITS FOR DIFFERENT BENEFICIARIES……………………………………………………………..23 C. POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT………………………………………………………………26 D. EXPECTATIONS AND CONCERNS……………………………………………………………………………………30 E. POVERTY REDUCTION MEASUREMENT…………………………………………………………………………….37 V. ACTION PLAN………………………………………………………………………………………………………..39 A. SPECIFIC MEASURES/ ACTIVITIES………………………………………………………………………………….39 B. BUDGET AND FINANCING SOURCES………………………………………………………………………………..42 4 C. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………….42 D. MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M & E)…………………………………………………………………………...42 5 I. INTRODUCTION This Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) is prepared to ensure equitable sharing of the project benefits and mitigation measures by the concerned minority communities and individuals in the project area of the Jishou Flood Control Subproject, which is part of Hunan Provincial Flood Management Project in Hunan Province, People‟s Republic of China (PRC). The EMDP for Jishou Subproject is based on the PPTA‟s Resettlement Plan, the Social and Poverty Assessment, and consultation with ethnic minority groups, local county governments and their respective line agencies. A summary of distribution and socioeconomic characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project areas – four river basins, and 35 subprojects will be the context for such assessment. Based on review of social and poverty conditions of ethnic minorities in both Jishou City and the project protected areas, adequate provisions to enhance the economic conditions of minority groups have been integrated in project design. Provisions for special mitigation measures have been included in the resettlement plan, which will help ensure that ethnic minorities adversely affected by resettlement will also benefit from the project. Current government policies and programs for ethnic minorities further help to protect and enhance project benefits to ethnic minority groups. This plan targets the Tujia, Miao and other nationalities in the project area, which account for about 28.9%, 23.3% and 0.8% of the total ethnic minority population in Jishou City. 6 II. BACKGROUND A. Project Description The proposed Jishou Flood Control Subproject is one of the thirty-six subprojects under Hunan Flood Management Project. This subproject is located in the urban area of Jishou City, western Hunan Province. Jishou urban area is located in the southern part of north Wuling Mountain, bordering with Luxi County in the southeast, Fenghuang and Huayuan Counties in the west, Baojing and Guzhang Counties in the north. The width from east to west is 55.9km and the length from south to north, 37.3km. And the total land area of the whole city is 1062km2. Water systems flowing through Jishou urban area include Donghe River and its tributary, Wanrongjiang River. As the Class I tributary of Yuanjiang River, Donghe River (the upstream section of Wushui River) originates from Laoren (old man) Mountain of Huayuan County, flows by Hepai, Taixingzhai, Aizhai, Jishou urban area, and Hexi, and then converges into Yuanjiang River at Luxi river mouth of Luxi County, with a drainage area of 3574km2 and river length of 145km. The length of the river section in Jishou old urban area is 10.04km. In this section, Wenxihe River joins into it, flowing through the old urban area for about 10.04km and then converges into Donghe River (Wushui) at Xiangyangba of Wenxi Bridge. As the Class I tributary of Donghe River (Wushui), Wanrongjiang River originates from Changguping, Fenghuang County, flows through Jixin, Sangong Bridge, Qianzhou and Zhongyanceng, and then converges into Donghe River (Wushui) with a drainage area of 3.05km and river length of 59km. The length of river section in Jishou new urban area --- Qianzhou is 3.05km. In this section, Minkangchong stream joins into it, flowing through the new urban area (Qianzhou section) for about 2.85km and then converges into Wanrongjiang River at Xiaoxi Bridge of Jishou new urban area --- Qianzhou. The new and old urban areas of Jishou City are low in topography and are under natural condition without protection, thus its flood resistance ability is weak. According to the topography, water system and urban development plan, the protection zone is divided into 5 independent protection circles, namely Donghe River left bank and Wenxihe River right bank protection circle, Wenxihe River left bank and Donghe River left bank protection circle, Donghe River right bank protection circle, Minkangchong stream left and right bank protection circle. The protection zone of the flood control project only covers part of the existing Jishou urban area, with an area of 18km2. The main objective of the proposed Jishou subproject is to 1) protect the urban areas of Jishou City from flood threats, and 2) to enhance watershed management in Yuanjiang River Basins, which is an important part of Hunan‟s integrated Flood Management System. The subproject will include following components: To newly build flood control dikes in the 5 protection circles with a length of 22.618km, of which 5.022km for Donghe River left bank and Wenxi River right bank protection circle, 5.361km for Wenxi River left bank and Donghe River left bank protection circle, 6.073km for Donghe River right bank protection circle, 3.027km for Minkangchong River left bank protection circle, and 3.135km for Minkangchong River right bank protection circle. To reconstruct 3 stone masonry dams into rubber dams, namely Xiangyang dam which is 66m long and 4m high, Mogoutan dam, which is 57m long and 5m high, and Tianxianqiao dam which 7 is 31m long and 5m high. To build river course bank revetment with a length of 16.148km, of which 4.925km for the bank revetment on both banks of Donghe River, 0.829km for Wenxi River right bank revetment, and 10.394km for the bank revetment on both banks of Wanrongjiang river. River course dredging with a length of 12.13km, among which 7.11km from Prefecture Party School to Original Jishou University; 0.92km from the fruit market on Wenxihe River to the water outlet of Wenxihe River; and 4.1km from Tianxi‟an to the conjunction of Wanrongjiang River. To newly build 1 flood diversion channel, namely building one flood diversion channel along Municipal Political Consultative Conference, Municipal People‟s Congress, Guangming Village and Zhangluo highway with a length of 2.25km. To construct 8 culvert gate drainage works, of which 3 for Donghe River left bank and Wenxihe River right bank protection circle, 3 for Wenxihe River left bank and Donghe River left bank protection circle and 3 for Donghe River right bank protection circle. According to the feasibility study, the total investment for Jishou subproject is CNY 157.42 million, out of which, 39 percent would be financed by ADB loan. B. Ethnic Minorities in Hunan There are as many as 55 ethnic minority groups1 in Hunan making up a population of 8.33 million or 12.2% of Hunan‟s total population. There is one autonomous prefecture of ethnic minority in Hunan, which administrates 8 counties, 7 minority autonomous counties with more than 50% of the populating as minorities and 2 unofficial minority counties enjoying minority county benefits. Besides these minority counties, there are 100 ethnic minority townships in 34 counties. In Hunan, there are 8 minorities with a population over 10,000, they are Tujia, Miao,