National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Amphibian Community Monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2013/531 ON THE COVER Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Photograph by: Briana Smrekar Amphibian Community Monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012 Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2013/531 Briana D. Smrekar, Michael W. Byrne, and Lisa Kleinschmidt, and Nathan Schwartz USDI National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network Cumberland Island National Seashore Saint Marys, Georgia 31558 August 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in the Reports and Publications section of the Southeast Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network webpage (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/secn/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Smrekar, B. D., M. W. Byrne, L. Kleinschmidt, and N. Schwartz. 2013. Amphibian community monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. Natural Resource Data Series NPS/SECN/NRDS—2013/531. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 640/121920, August 2013 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................. v Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview .................................................................................................................................. 1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 2 Weather Conditions During Sampling Event .......................................................................... 4 Monitoring Objectives ............................................................................................................. 7 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 9 Sampling Design ...................................................................................................................... 9 Sampling Methodology ......................................................................................................... 10 Automated Recording Devices ......................................................................................... 10 Visual Encounter Surveys ................................................................................................. 11 Taxonomic Standards........................................................................................................ 12 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 12 Composition ...................................................................................................................... 12 Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 12 Phenology ......................................................................................................................... 13 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Community Composition....................................................................................................... 15 New Species Records ............................................................................................................ 17 Amphibian Distribution ......................................................................................................... 17 Vocalization Phenology ......................................................................................................... 18 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 19 Appendix A. Amphibian Species Detection Data......................................................................... 21 Appendix B. Distribution Maps for Amphibian Species Encountered ......................................... 23 Appendix C. Reptile Species Detection Data ............................................................................... 33 iii Figures Page Figure 1. Location of Cumberland Island National Seashore. ....................................................... 3 Figure 2. 2012 average monthly temperature and the 30-year (1981 – 2010) average for A. Brunswick and B. Brunswick Malcolm McKinnon Airport stations. .................................. 5 Figure 3. Total monthly precipitation during 2012 and the 30-year (1981 - 2010) monthly averages for A. Brunswick and B. Brunswick Malcolm McKinnon Airport stations. ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Spatially-balanced random sampling locations at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. ................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 5. Macroplot (0.5-ha) layout for amphibian community monitoring in Southeast Coast Network parks. ................................................................................................... 10 Figure 6. Number of anuran vocalization detections and the percent relative detection frequency (i.e., number of species vocalizations compared to all species’ vocalizations) of recorded calls during automated recording device (ARD) deployment (2 February to 31 May 2012) at Cumberland Island National Seashore. Based on n=543 detections. .......................................................................................................... 16 Figure 7. Number of individual amphibians detected and the relative abundance (as a percentage) of each species in the sample of post-metamorphic amphibians detected during visual encounter surveys at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. Based on n=111 detections. .......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 8. Vocalization phenology for species detected using automated recording devices (ARDs) at Cumberland Island National Seashore, from 2 February to 31 May 2012. Based on n=543 detections ................................................................................................. 18 Figure B-1. Sampling locations where Southern toad (Anaxyrus terrestris) was detected at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. ............................................................. 23 Figure B-2. Sampling locations where Southern cricket frog (Acris gryllus) was detected at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. ............................................................. 24 Figure B-3. Sampling locations where green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) was detected at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. ............................................................................... 25 Figure B-4. Sampling locations where pinewoods treefrog (Hyla femoralis) was detected at Cumberland Island National Seashore, 2012. ............................................................. 26 Figure B-5. Sampling locations where squirrel