2017-2018 IHBB Beta Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 8 Bowl Round 8 First Quarter (1) Upon taking the throne, this king was read the Declaration of Right by Parliament; that later became part of the English Bill of Rights. This King’s forces defeated James II’s Jacobite uprising at the Battle of the Boyne, after which this Dutch stadtholder assumed power in the Glorious Revolution. For ten points, name this husband of Mary II, a Prince of Orange and 17th century king of England. ANSWER: William III of England (or William of Orange, prompt on William) (2) The “massive resistance” movement attempted to circumvent this case’s ruling, which was to be carried out with “all deliberate speed.” Thurgood Marshall argued for the plaintiffs in this case, which struck down Plessy vs. Ferguson. For ten points, name this Supreme Court case that overturned the “separate but equal” principle in public schools. ANSWER: Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (3) A site in this region includes Structure 5B18, also known as El Castillo, a step-pyramid dedicated to Kukulcan, as well as a Great Ball Court. One state in this region has capital at Merida, and cities like Uxmal [oosh-mall] and Chichen Itza are also found in this region. The homeland of the Mayan Civilization was, for ten points, what Mexican peninsula where a meteor impact may have killed the dinosaurs and created the Chicxulub Crater near the Gulf of Mexico? ANSWER: Yucatan Peninsula (prompt on Mexico before mentioned) (4) This leader hired John Dewey to increase literacy rates by latinizing his country’s alphabet. This man led a national movement that rejected the Treaty of Sevres’ harsh borders and negotiated the Treaty of Lausanne. The “Six Arrows” ideology of secular, democratic reform was developed to replace Ottoman norms by, for ten points, what modernizing first President of Turkey? ANSWER: Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (accept either underlined name) (5) A socialist politician from this country, Emile Vandervelde, argued against its ruler’s personal ownership of a colony investigated by Roger Casement. This country created the Force Publique, an armed force that cut the hands off of enslaved rubber workers in a colony that the Berlin Conference had given to this country’s King Leopold II. For ten points, name this country that once owned the Congo Free State. ANSWER: Belgium Page 1 2017-2018 IHBB Beta Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 8 (6) A blindfolded man is tied to a post in a print by this artist titled “Nothing To Be Done,” part of a series called The Disasters of War that shows violent scenes from the Peninsular War. This artist’s painting of Mameluke horsemen in the Puerta del Sol is set one day before another of his works that shows a firing squad aiming at a man in a white shirt outside of Madrid. For ten points, name this Spanish painter of The Third of May, 1808. ANSWER: Francisco Goya y Lucientes (7) Description acceptable. This event was briefly halted when a nearby patrol forced William Dawes to flee; he subsequently fell off his horse and could not finish his mission. This event’s central participant slipped by the Somerset by boat after Robert Newman had placed two lanterns in the Old North Church. Militia were able to prepare to fight at Lexington and Concord thanks to, for ten points, what event in which a Boston silversmith warned of approaching British soldiers? ANSWER: Paul Revere’s midnight ride (accept elaborations; prompt on partial answers, like “midnight ride”) (8) This philosopher hypothesized that two constitutional republics will never go to war with each other, an idea described as “Perpetual Peace.” This man popularized the distinction between a priori and a posteriori statements in his 1781 Critique of Pure Reason. The categorical imperative was described by, for ten points, what 18th-century German Enlightenment philosopher? ANSWER: Immanuel Kant (9) After damaging the Ajax, Achilles, and Exeter, the losing side in this battle made the mistake of retreating to Montevideo. Hans Langsdorff decided to scuttle his ship, Graf Spee, rather than continue this battle. For ten points, name this first naval battle of World War II, named for its location in the river that forms the border between Argentina and Uruguay. ANSWER: Battle of the River Plate (or Battle of the Rio de La Plata) (10) This author lays out the foundations for a new Roman constitution is On the Laws, which survives in fragments. After this man’s execution, Fulvia reportedly stabbed his dead tongue with a hairpin to punish him for speaking the Philippics against her husband, Mark Antony. For ten points, name this Roman orator and philosopher who was executed by the Second Triumvirate. ANSWER: Marcus Tullius Cicero Page 2 2017-2018 IHBB Beta Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 8 Second Quarter (1) This man’s administration was rattled by revelations that Oakes Ames’s company siphoned funds from the Union Pacific railroad and bribed politicians. This man’s private secretary, Orville Babcock, helped St. Louis distillers create an infamous Whiskey Ring. A widely corrupt administration plagued, for ten points, what 18th US President and former Civil War general? ANSWER: Ulysses S. Grant BONUS: Oakes Ames was in charge of this railroad construction company, a shell corporation formed by Union Pacific to assist in fleecing the US government. This company names the ensuing scandal. ANSWER: Credit Mobilier of America (accept Credit Mobilier) (2) The Suppression of Communism Act was used to quell protests against this policy. A militant fighter against this policy gave the “I am prepared to die speech” in the Rivonia Trial. Oliver Tambo led Umkhonto we Sizwe [oom-KON-toe we SEES-way] to fight this policy, which was ended by F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela. For ten points, name this policy of racial segregation policy in South Afirca whose name means “separateness.” ANSWER: apartheid (prompt on descriptive answers related to racial discrimination, etc. in South Africa) BONUS: The militant group Umkhonto we Sizwe, or Spear of the Nation, was created in response to this 1960 massacre of protesters at a police station. ANSWER: Sharpeville Massacre (3) The death of a ruler of this empire at the hands of Tamerlane led to an interregnum ended at the Battle of Camurlu. An Albanian revolt against this empire was led by a former general named Skanderbeg, and this empire defeated a Christian coalition at the Battle of Varna in 1444. Ibrahim the Mad and Murad the Great were sultans of, for ten points, what empire that, under Mehmed II, conquered Constantinople from the Byzantines in 1453? ANSWER: Ottoman Empire BONUS: The Ottoman Interregnum began with the death of this Ottoman sultan, called “the Thunderbolt,” and ended with Mehmed I’s aforementioned victory at Camurlu. ANSWER: Bayezid I (or Bayezid the Thunderbolt; accept Bayezid Yildirim) Page 3 2017-2018 IHBB Beta Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 8 (4) These devices, including some installed on Arizona’s Mount Bigelow, were improved after Cold War work on monitoring Soviet satellites inspired the development of adaptive optics. Karl Jansky names a series of 27 of these devices in New Mexico that form a Very Large Array. Isaac Newton invented a form of these devices with reduced aberration; that reflecting type improved on the refracting version, which Galileo used to observe the moons of Jupiter. For ten points, name these astronomical devices. ANSWER: telescopes BONUS: The Very Large Array of telescopes detect signals in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This type of wave was first discovered coming from space by Karl Jansky in 1931 at Bell Labs. ANSWER: radio waves (5) A king of this nation died at Fredriksten, forcing his men to endure the Carolean Death March to return home. The Pruth River Campaign was waged by Russia against the Ottomans to capture that king of this nation. Another king from this nation was known as the “Lion of the North” and led Protestant forces at the Battle of Breitenfield. The House of Vasa once ruled, for ten points, what country led by Charles XII and Gustavus Adolphus in the Great Northern War and Thirty Years’ War, respectively? ANSWER: Kingdom of Sweden BONUS: The aforementioned Pruth River Campaign began after Charles XII’s forces were wiped out at this June 1709 battle in modern Ukraine. ANSWER: Battle of Poltava (6) This composer reused a theme from his Gegenliebe in a piece that had to be restarted at its premiere concert, his Choral Fantasy. That concert of this man’s works also featured a five-movement symphony depicting a thunderstorm and a piece whose opening motif was used by the Allies to represent “V for Victory” in World War II. The notes G-G-G-E form the “fate knocking on the door” motif in, for ten points, what German composer’s fifth of nine symphonies? ANSWER: Ludwig van Beethoven BONUS: The aforementioned 1808 concert featured Beethoven as the soloist premiering the fourth of his pieces in what genre? Beethoven wrote five in total, the last of which is nicknamed “Emperor.” ANSWER: piano concerto (prompt on “concerto”) Page 4 2017-2018 IHBB Beta Bowl 2017-2018 Bowl Round 8 (7) The Waldorf-Astoria hotel hosted William Alden Smith’s investigation of this event, an event which he described as an “act of God.” A stray boat containing the bodies of three victims of this event was discovered a month later by the Oceanic. The Carpathia arrived to rescue survivors of this event, but only one-third of its victims could have found room in a lifeboat.