NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, June. -2021 THE EXEMPLARY LIFE OF BABUR MIRZA IN THE INTERPRETATION OF STEPHEN MEREDITH Khayrullayeva Kamola Ravshanovna Bukhara State Medical Institute, Teacher of Foreign Languages Department Hakimova Muhabbat Alimovna Bukhara State Medical Institute, Teacher of Foreign Languages Department Ne’matova Zebo Tursunbayevna Bukhara State Medical Institute, Teacher of Foreign Languages Department ABSTRACT: “Baburnama”, in which he writes about his This article examines the hard life dreams and fears, thoughts and actions, we and unique work of Zahiriddin Muhammad realize that we are in front of a person with the Babur on the basis of the prominent writer most perfect human qualities that adorn the Stephen Meredith and his outstanding throne of Asia. Babur’s character will work, “Babur: the Diarist and the Despot”. undoubtedly increase our interest and respect The interpretation of Babur as a great king for him. There are countless works in Uzbek and commander, an unparalleled writer and world literature devoted to the description and poet, a true expert in the fields of art, of Babur's way of life, literary works, and gardening and construction has been human qualities. One of the most famous of analyzed with various life examples. these is Stephen Meredith's “Babur: The Diarist Keywords: Turks, Mongols, king, and the Despot”. commander, poet, writer, composer, musician, gardener, builder, descendant, LITERATURE REVIEW: contribute, description. Zahiriddin Muhammad, who was a descendant of Amir Temur, the great horn and Introduction: commander on his father's side, is a descendant The history of mankind dates back of Genghis Khan on his mother's side. For this several thousand years. During these millions reason, as Stephen Meredith wrote, Babur of years, many historical figures have inherited courage and bravery from the Turks, contributed to the development of the world. and infinite energy and strength from the However, not all of them are recognized around Mongols. There is no doubt that Babur the world for their work. Such people are few. inherited his intellectual ability and art skills One of them, Zahiriddin Muhammad, known to from his mother, Kutlug Nigar Xonim. (S.M. us as Babur, is the founder of the Mongol Edwardes) Because his father, Yunus Khan, Empire in India. who was known for his character and skill in In the pages of the past, he appears as a conversation, he was also a great musicologist ruler, a warrior, an athlete, a writer, and a lover and artist. Babur's two grandmothers, Eson of nature. As we turn the pages of Davlat Begim and his paternal grandmother 295 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, June. -2021 Shah Sultan Begim, made an invaluable for him and cursed him a thousand times. Bad contribution to the formation of his character. habits or shortcomings of family members Physically, Babur was very energetic never diminished Babur’s loyalty to them. and agile. He went hunting many times with his Along with his Timurid brothers, Babur was soldiers. One day he was hunting pheasants in equally loyal to his Mongol relatives. When the woods, and the next time he caught a deer Qambar Ali, one of Zahiruddin's relatives, told with the help of bow arrows, despite the fact him to renounce the Mongol khans and join that his hands were injured. Another time, he Ahmad Tanbal, Babur replied: “Is this right?! tells an interesting story about how he chased a These khans are my blood relatives. Serve them wild wolf while rhino hunting near Peshawar. rather than betraying.” Swimming was also one of his hobbies. He was Babur Mirza took the throne when he even in the habit of crossing every river he was 11 years old and went through many encountered on his way. During the Indian hardships until he was 20 years old. He is march, he crossed the Ganges and sailed back visible in history sometimes as the true ruler of to its shores without resting. the provinces and sometimes as a king who fell Because of his love of travel, inherited victim to ambitious and treacherous nobles. from the Mongols, Babur had a passion for Throughout his life, he had experienced both sightseeing and research. When someone told the joy of victory and the pain of exile. With the Zahiriddin about a tomb that was moving dangers and the fame that Zahiriddin faced, his during the recitation of the blessings of the strong psycology formed. The events of the first Prophet in Ghazna, Babur ordered to years of his reign and the problems that arose investigate the matter. As a result, it became caused him some feelings of depression and clear that the actual movement of the tomb was anger. Especially between 1497 and 1498, a fraud, as the masters had set up a platform when he lost Andijan and was persecuted by under it during the construction of the tomb, so several hundred loyalists. Even in the most that the tomb could be moved. Deception and anxious moments, Bobur's heart was fraud were the things he hated the most for comforted by poetry. Babur. For this reason, he immediately ordered Babur's courage and bravery are that the platform to be dismantled and that this manifested in the fact that a young man under fraud be never continued. (S.M. Edwardes) As the age of 22 is forced to say goodbye to his he points out, he has never celebrated homeland and look for a place of refuge for Ramadan Eid for two years in the same place himself and his loyal ones. Despite losing his repeatedly since he was 11 years old, because father’s legacy, he always tried to overcome his he loves to travel. His later generations difficulties with a smile, even when he failed. inherited Zahiriddin’s love of travel, especially Thus, Babur, the founder of the Mongol Empire his grandson Akbar. (S.M. Edwardes) in India, left his homeland for life. (J. Nehru) Had he not persevered with all, Babur would ANALYSIS: not have survived the hardships of his youth. The most striking aspect of Babur’s Needless to say much about his bravery personality was his boundless devotion to his in battles. Even as a 19-year-old, he captured relatives and friends. He considered betrayal the Samarkand fortress with only 240 soldiers. the greatest crime. When Babur heard that This victory can be compared to the conquest Xursraw Shah had blinded one of his relatives of Karshi by Amir Temur or the siege of Herat and killed the other, he expressed his hatred by Sultan Hussein Mirza in 1470. (H. 296 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 7, ISSUE 6, June. -2021 Lamb)During the Andijan march against Sultan collection of poems in 1519; the pamphlet Ahmad Tanbal, he was also severely wounded “Mubin”, written in 1522, dedicated to his son by an arrow from his right leg. Still, he Komron Mirza, consisting of 2,000 lines continues to struggle and soon his injuries heal. compiling the rules of the Muslim religion in Babur’s military discipline was very the Turkish language; A collection of poems strict and his methods of punishment were created in India; Autobiographical work very brutal compared to today’s requirements. "Baburnama"; The pamphlet "Walidiya", a During the march of Bhira, he commands his translated work of Khoja Ahror Vali in 1528- soldiers: “Do not injure the common people 1529. Babur created a new alphabet known as and do not harm their herds, cotton fields and the "Xatti Baburiy", used it to copy the Koran, even broken needles. “(P. Qodirov) Despite and later sent it to Mecca. Babur's poetry, like such an order, some soldiers are determined to his prose, has a great taste. plunder the common people. Babur, on the The most remarkable aspect of other hand, condemned those who disobeyed “Baburnama” is its accuracy. As we read it, we the order to be executed and some have their make sure that it doesn’t really contain noses cut off. anything else. Zahiriddin himself describes his Like all Timurids, Babur was a musician work as follows: “I did not write this to and composed music himself. In his book complain about anyone. I just wrote the truth. I “Musiqa ilmi”, he mentions the names of just wrote down what really happened. I have musicians who were skillfull at playing various revealed the good and bad sides of my father, musical instruments; in particular, the Herat brothers, cousins and even strangers. In musician Binai, who composed a song under writing about the conquest of Samarkand at the the name of Babur, appreciated the technique age of 19, Babur refrained from exaggerating of playing the instruments. Babur's taste in his achievements. Proof of his claim that he musicology was as perfect as his skill in writing wrote only the truth in his work can be seen in letters, and he could not bear to listen to songs the fact that Babur never concealed his sung tastelessly. There is no doubt that Babur's mistakes and defeats, or allowed any descendants Akbar Mirza, Jahangir Mirza and inaccuracies, even in the smallest of places. Shohjahon also inherited his musical skills. During the reign of Babur Mirza, the field of DISCUSSION: musicology was strongly encouraged in the In his autobiographical work, Zahiriddin Mongol Empire. describes each country he visits, first of all, its Historian Lane-Poole writes: “Babur’s climate, nature, fauna, flora, population, water place in history is determined by his conquest supply, trade, etc., because in his opinion, this of India, his founding of the Empire.