i Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 Graphical Abstracts Graphical Abstracts Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 936 Xenobiology, New-to-Nature Synthetic Cells and Genetic Firewall Nediljko Budisa* * Berlin Institute of Technology/TU Berlin, Germany Xenobiology (XB) is a science that combines the chemical synthesis with synthetic biology to build artificial biological systems with alternative chemical structures. Gly Phe Leu Glu Ser Asp CU AG CU AG AG CU Tyr UC AG Ala AG G U UC Term UC A C A AG Cys Alien C UC Val AG amino U GU G A UC G Trp acid A Alien Arg G U UC G C amino UC A AG Leu Ser A C acid AG UC Lys UC C A AG U G Pro Asn AG CU CU AG Thr G A CU AG CU His Gln Met Arglle Alien amino acid Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 944 Bridging the Gap Between Chemistry and Biotechnology - Large Molecules with Potential, How Could Biotechnology Complement Chemistry? Hans-Peter Meyer*, Oleg Werbitzky and Gian A. Signorell * University of Applied Sciences & Arts Western Switzerland, Institute of Life Technologies, Route du Rawyl 47, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland The industrial manufacturing of marketed oligomer types and other large molecules with potential use almost exclusively chemical synthesis, although conceptually biotechnological methods exist. The question is for which markets and products should biotechnology complement the chemical toolbox. More efficient manufacturing methods and the availability and implementation of synthetic biology principles will change synthetic chemistry, but on a different raw material and logistical basis. Graphical Abstracts Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 ii Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 960 Synthesis of Glycoconjugate Vaccines in Genetically Engineered Bacterial Cells Fabiana Fernandez and Michael Wacker* * GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland Use of biotechnology for production of conjugate vaccines. In this novel production process the polysaccharide is assembled on a lipid and transferred enzymatically to specific sites of the protein carrier. PP Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 964 Biotechnological Synthesis and Transformation of Valuable Sugars in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industry Maria E. Ortiz-Soto and Jürgen Seibel* * Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany Biotechnological approaches open new avenues to the synthesis of complex sugars. A number of efficient biosynthetic processes have been and continue being Developer to fulfill the needs of different industry sectors. iii Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 Graphical Abstracts Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 987 Synthetic Biology for Oligosaccharide Production Johannes Härle and Sven Panke* * Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 1005 Recombinant Peptide Production in Microbial Cells Sarah Wegmüller and Sergio Schmid* * Institute of Life Technologies, Route du Rawyl 47, HES-SO Valais//Wallis, 1950, Sion, Switzerland Recombinant peptide manufacturing offers many advantages and will therefore become very important in the near future for an economic and sustainable production of peptides. Graphical Abstracts Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 iv Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 1020 Potent New Weapons in the Oncology Arsenal (Antibody-Drug Conjugates) Require Unique Biological Manufacturing Expertise Thomas Rohrer* * 90 Boroline Rd, Allendale, NJ 07401 Manufacturing potent new drugs which directly target cancer cells and spare patients from debilitating systemic toxicity will require unique manufacturing expertise. Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 1028 Application of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Systems in Sensing and Bioimaging Lingyun Wang*, Lingling Yang and Derong Cao * School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China Analytes Restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) Aggregation-induced emission Turn-on sensors Bioimaging Solution Non-emissive Highly fluorescent v Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 Graphical Abstracts Current Organic Chemistry, 2014, Vol. 18, No. 8 1050 Synthetic Routes to Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Intermediates and Downstream Isoprenoids Sarah K. Jarchow-Choy, Andrew T. Koppisch* and David T. Fox* * Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Bioscience Division MS M888, USA and Northern Arizona University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building 88, Room 213, P.O. Box 5698 Flagstaff, AZ, USA Generalized synthetic intermediates found as part of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway leading to a downstream C10 representative, limonene. .