UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION OF THE HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR THE MA3OR FEDERAL COAL LANDS IN SEVEN EASTERN STATES- SOURCES OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION AND A PLAN FOR FUTURE WORK By David Grason Open-File Report 82-525 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Towson, Maryland July 1982 CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................. 1 Introduction ............................ 2 Purpose and scope ....................... 5 Study areas ............................ 6 Hydrologic information and suggested plans ............... 7 Daniel Boone National Forest area ................ 13 Setting ......................... 13 Available hydroJSgic information .............. 15 Evaluation of coverage ................... 16 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 17 Hoosier National Forest area ................... 18 Setting ......................... 18 Available hydrologic information .............. 20 Evaluation of coverage ................... 21 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 21 Jefferson National Forest area .................. 22 Setting .......................... 22 Available hydrologic information .............. 24 Evaluation of coverage ................... 25 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 26 Monongahela National Forest area ................ 27 Setting .......................... 27 Available hydrologic information .............. 29 Evaluation of coverage ................... 29 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 30 Shawnee National Forest area .................. 31 Setting .......................... 31 Available hydrologic information .............. 31 Evaluation of coverage ................... 33 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 34 Wayne National Forest area ................... 35 Setting .......................... 35 Available hydrologic information .............. 37 Evaluation of coverage ................... 37 Suggested plan for future hydrologic study .......... 38 Sources of available precipitation information ........... 39 Summary of suggested plans ...................... 40 References ............................. 45 Supplemental data .......................... 66 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Map showing locations of six National forest study areas ............. 2-7. Maps showing locations of the study areas and relevant hydrologic catalog units for 2. Daniel Boone National Forest ............ 14 3. Hoosier National Forest .............. 19 4. Jefferson National Forest .............. 23 5. Monongahela National Forest ............ 28 6. Shawnee National Forest .............. 32 7. Wayne National Forest ............... 36 8. Approximate sequence and durations of the hydrologic investigations suggested for six National forest areas .............. 44 TABLES Page Table 1. Federal coal ownership in the Eastern United States ....... 4 2. Agency codes used in NAWDEX listings ............ 9 3. State and county codes used in NAWDEX listings ........ 10 4. Number of hydrologic investigations pertinent to each major investigation category for each National forest study area ..................... 12 5. Summary of investigations suggested for each National forest area ................... 41 IV SUPPLEMENTAL DATA Supplemental " Page Data A. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Daniel Boone National Forest study area ........ 67 B. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Daniel Boone National Forest study area ................. 91 C. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Hoosier National Forest study area .......... 135 D. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Hoosier National Forest study area ..................... 147 E. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Jefferson National Forest study area .......... 179 F. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Jefferson National Forest study area ..................... 193 G. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Monongahela National Forest study area ........ 208 H. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Monongahela National Forest study area ..................... 230 I. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Shawnee National Forest study area .......... 270 J. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Shawnee National Forest study area ..................... 282 K. NAWDEX listings of sources of monitoring-site data found in the Wayne National Forest study area ........... 308 L. Annotated bibliography of investigations pertinent to coal mining and water resources in the Wayne National Forest study area .................... 328 . CONVERSION OF MEASUREMENT UNITS The following factors may be used to convert the inch-pound units published in this report to International System (SI) of metric units. Multiply inch-pound unitit By To obtain metric unit Length inch (in.) 25.40 millimeter (mm) .0254 meter (m) foot (ft) .3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area 2 square mile (mi 2 ) 2.590 square kilometer (km ) 2 acre .405 square hectometer (hm ) Volume gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) .003785 cubic meter (m ) cubic foot (ft3) .02832 cubic meter (m ) Flow cubic foot per secpnd 28.32 liter per second (L/s) (ft3/s) .02832 cubic meter per second (m 3/s) gallon per minute (gal/min)min) .06309 liter per second (L/s) .00006309 cubic meter per second (m3/s) Temperature degree Fahrenheit ( F) -32 x 0. degree Celsius ( C) VI A PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION OF THE HYDROLOGIC INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR THE MAJOR FEDERAL COAL LANDS IN SEVEN EASTERN STATES- SOURCES OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION AND A PLAN FOR FUTURE WORK By David Grason ABSTRACT The most abundant and available Federal coal reserves in Eastern United States are in and near the National forests. The National forest areas offering the greatest potential for coal development are in or near the Daniel Boone in Kentucky and Tennessee, Hoosier in Indiana, Jefferson in Virginia, Monongahela in West Virginia, Shawnee in Illinois, and Wayne in Ohio. An evaluation of the available data and published information on coal mining and the water resources of these areas identifies informational needs. Three such needs common to all six National forest areas are for (1) numerical characterization of streamflow, water- quality, and sedimentation characteristics; (2) information about ground-water availability, movement, and quality, before, during and after mining; and (3) a hydrologic reconnaissance of all major lakes and impoundments within the prospec­ tive Federal coal-leasing area. Investigations which would address these and other informational needs are outlined for each forest area. A schedule is proposed for completion of these recommended investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey over a 6-year period. The application of sophisticated analytical and interpretive techniques in these studies must be preceded by the collection and preparation of adequate hydrologic data. INTRODUCTION Nationwide, the Federal Government owns the rights to the coal under millions of acres of land. The Federal Coal Leasing Amendments Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-377) as amended, requires that new leases of these reserves be made available for production through a competitive bidding system. In June 1979, under Presidential order, the Secretary of the Interior an­ nounced a program to make Federally owned coal more readily available for competitive leasing. In the program, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is charged with the responsibility for leasing Federal coal resources to meet anticipated regional coal demands, and for ensuring that the environmental consequences of the proposed coal-production activities are identified and ade­ quately addressed. In the 31 Eastern States (those east of the Mississippi River and bordering it on the west), most of the Federally owned coal exists in small, scattered tracts, often under state or privately owned land. Planning extensive regional leasing of Federal coal in the East is a complicated procedure, entailing negotiations with numerous individual surface owners and potential lessees. Because these complica­ tions severely inhibit regional activity planning, as is done in the Western States, BLM expects that leasing by application will be the major mode of allocating Federal coal rights to the mining interests in the East. Although BLM leases Federally owned coal in other areas of the Eastern States, this report addresses the effects of coal mining on the water resources of six specific National forest areas (fig. 1). These are the areas that offer the most readily accessible Federal coal and are likely to be leased first. The six areas of study in this report are composed principally of lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service, but some also contain nearby areas of Federal coal ownership not in the National forest system. The data in table 1 show ownership of the land surface of the Federal coal estate in the East. Arrangements for leasing of Federal coal reserves existing beneath non-Federal surface will likely entail involved, lengthy planning and environmental analysis. Mineral ownership under U.S. Army Corps of Engineers projects (for example, flood-control