WiFiWiFi –– What’sWhat’s Next?Next? Paul S. Henry AT&T Labs - Research [email protected] October 2, 2002 Wi-Fi: The Hype Internet •Plug in the card Wi-Fi: The Hype Internet •Plug in the card •Find an access point (esp free hotspot) •Presto! 11 Mb/s Internet connection •David vs Goliath – end of DSL, broadband cable and 3G cellular! •If problems, try Pringles! Wild About Wi-Fi Rising from the grass roots, high-speed wireless Internet connections are springing up everywhere. Tune in, turn on, get e-mail. Sometimes for free. 6/10/02 The Corner Internet Network vs. 2 Tinkerers Say They've Found the Cellular Giants a Cheap Way to Broadband March 4, 2002 June 10, 2002 High Speed, Freed Motley Crew Beams No-Cost Broadband to New York August 15, 2001 The Beat Goes on…. Want Broadband With Your Fries? McDonald's serves WLAN broadband in Japan The Register, May 2002 Wi-Fi Makes Broadband Painless Wall Street Journal, Feb 4, 2002 Why Not Try Wi-Fi? Time.com, June 2002 Warming to Wi-Fi The network technology…has sparked a kind of populist movement. 'Hot spots' are sprouting all over. LATimes 4/18/02 Above the Crowd: Why Wi-Fi Is The Next Big Thing Fortune 3/5/01 Worldwide WLAN Installed Base (millions of transceivers) 120 Source: Sports Illustrated 100 80 60 40 20 Source: IDC 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 IP Telephones 18 16 14 12 10 Worldwide Installed 8 base, IP telephones 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Moore’s Law 25 20 15 Moore's Law 10 5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Corning Share Price The Central Question Will the telecom bust ever end? The Central Question What’s next for WiFi? Blessings from the Gods Bill Gates, Dec ‘01: If any one technology has emerged in the past few years that will be explosive in its impact, it's 802.11. Bob Lucky, May ’02: WiFi is the only real exciting stuff going on right now WLAN Family Tree Proprietary WaveLAN,WaveLAN, RangeLAN RangeLAN Implementations 900900 MHz, MHz, 1-2 1-2 Mb/s Mb/s 802.11802.11 2.42.4 GHz, GHz, 2 2 Mb/s Mb/s Higher Higher frequency, bit rate bit rate Wi-Fi 802.11a Wi-Fi 5 802.11b802.11b 802.11a 5 GHz 11Mb/s11Mb/s 5 GHz Higher bit rate Wi-Fig? Quality of Service 802.11g802.11g Capability 5454 Mb/s Mb/s 802.11e802.11e The Wireless Road Warrior Corporate Intranet Firewall Mobility manager Cellular Internet network Public hotspot The Wireless Road Warrior •Reproduce the Office Desktop Experience •Always-on •Hassle-free security •Autoconfiguration Corporate Intranet Firewall Mobility manager Cellular Internet network Public hotspot The Wireless Road Warrior •Reproduce the Office Desktop Experience •Always-on •Hassle-free security •Autoconfiguration Corporate Intranet Firewall Mobility manager Cellular Internet network Public hotspot The Wireless Road Warrior •Reproduce the Office Desktop Experience •Always-on •Hassle-free security •Autoconfiguration Corporate Intranet Firewall Mobility manager Cellular Internet network Public hotspot The Wireless Road Warrior •Reproduce the Office Desktop Experience •Always-on •Hassle-free security •Autoconfiguration •Natural extension to dial-up remote access •2003 – 2007 Projected WiFi Revenues Corporate •Equipment: $2B – 4.5B Intranet Firewall •Public Hot Spot: $1B – 8B Mobility manager Cellular Internet network Public hotspot Key Challenges for WiFi #1 G 1. Ease of Use – a long way to go V 2. Security – the clock is ticking I 3. Mobility – WiFi technology ☺ – WiFi service 4. Network management – more headaches for IT groups 1. Ease of Use Cannot Connect Bob Lucky, January ’02 Spectrum A sure way to stop a meeting is to offer the participants network connectivity. What I want is a “push-to-talk” button on the computer. Configuring the Windows XP Zero-Configuration Wireless Client These instructions must be followed explicitly. Use the drivers that come with Win XP Using even the drivers in the Fall 2001 Orinoco release could cause you to have to reinstall Win XP! 1. The next step to getting on USC's wireless network is to configure Windows to connect using our settings. 2. Click on the Start button and select Control Panel. Click on Network and Internet Connections and then on Network Connections. A new icon labeled Wireless Network Connection will appear. Right- click on this icon and select Properties. 3. Click to highlight the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) component and then click the Properties button. 4. From the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, click on the Advanced button. 5. Under the DNS tab, click on the Add button from the DNS server addresses, in order of use. Type in the numbers 128.125.253.183 then click on Add. 6. Click on the Add button. Type in the numbers 128.125.253.166 then click on Add. 7. Click on the Add button again. Type in the numbers 128.125.253.136 then click on Add. 8. Select Append these DNS suffixes (in order). 9. Click on the Add button, type in usc.edu then click on Add. 10. Click on the Add button again, type in hsc.usc.edu then click on Add. 11. Under the DNS suffix for this connection, type in usc.edu 12. Make sure that Register this connection's addresses in DNS and Use this connection's DNS suffix in DNS registration are both checked 13. Below the section labeled Preferred Networks is an Add button. Click on it and a new window labeled Wireless Network Properties will pop up. 14. In the Network Name (SSID) field, type USC in uppercase characters. Ensure that both Data Encryption (WEP enabled) and Network Authentication (Shared Mode) are checked. 15. Uncheck the box that says The key is provided for me automatically. The field Network Key should contain the letters GOUSC in uppercase characters. Ensure that the Key format is ASCII characters and the Key length is 40 bits. Click on OK to close this window. 16. Click on the Advanced button and verify that the Access Point (infrastructure) networks only option is selected. Click OK to continue. Click on OK again to exit the Wireless Network Connection Properties window. 17. Continue on next page…. WiFi Configuration and Hotspot Sign-up Host configuration is a pain for everyone Bothersome on private networks Challenging at public access points (hotspots) A nearly insuperable barrier for technophobes Auto-configuration is a great convenience for the road warrior… and essential to capture the first-use, walk-up customer. Hotspot sign-up Browser-based, e.g. T-mobile/Starbucks • Simple, but insecure (vulnerable to highjacking, despite SSL) 802.1x (EAP-based) • Secure, but cumbersome (requires pre-arranged account) Goal: Enable auto-configuration and fully secure sign-up without pre-arranged account We have a long way to go 2. WiFi Security Security causes Best Buy register ban ZdNet news, May 3, 2002 Security won’t work if not turned on WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) ‘Equivalent’ to Ethernet in-building privacy Private, not secure Vulnerabilities recently exposed • UC Berkeley, Cisco, AT&T Security Alternatives Improved WEP -- Dynamic keying (TKIP) or block cipher. Simple, convenient, but unproven • Draft standard in progress Secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) -- Bulletproof, but cumbersome and not ‘native’ to Wi-Fi 6/14/02: Best Buy re-activates wireless cash registers No comment on security precautions WEP vs. VPN Physical Building Boundary Building LAN WEP Assumed secure X Protection Wild Secure Side Side VPN Tunnel X VPN Gateway Building LAN No WEP Logical Building VPN Boundary Client WEP: Simple, convenient. Needs finalized standard. Delay could kill Wi-Fi momentum VPN: No WEP, therefore need separate wiring installation. Extensible to off-premises VPN for Remote Access Building Boundary Assumed Insecure Secure Side Internet VPN Gateway Building LAN Logical Building Off-prem user Boundary End-to-end VPN provides protection both on-premises and off. ‘Universal’ WiFi Access 3. Mobility --- Technology Multi-vendor interoperability -- User’s PC card communicates with any vendor’s access point 802.11b compliance not sufficient Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) • Wireless fidelity (WiFi), the de facto standard Multi-service ‘roaming’ -- User account works on multiple Wireless ISP (WISP) networks Not always-on Mutual agreement among WISPs • WECA – Wireless Internet Service Provider roaming (WISPr) • Interconnect AAA functions (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) Aggregator (resell WISP services) • Boingo Always-on mobility – Mobile IP Re-routing of live connections Mobile IP --- Always-on Home Internet Agent Foreign Agent Foreign Agent Foreign Network Foreign Network Mobile IP --- Always-on Home Internet Agent Foreign Agent Foreign Network Foreign Network Technology – Ericsson, Lucent, Nokia, PCTEL Trials: Rogers AT&T Wireless, Green Packet/WiFi Metro Mobility --- Hotspot Service Lessons in broadband wireless from the school of hard knocks Ricochet (Metricom) AT&T Project Angel Teligent Winstar #2 MobileStar VG Cellular model: ubiquity is essential I Challenge: Establish national (or global) hotspot network Joltage – Micro-hotspot franchise model (~ True Value Hardware). Boingo – Aggregator: Partner with public WLAN operators; sell subscriptions to individuals • Provide settlements, billing, single account, hotspot sniffer • Multi-location, but not always-on T-Mobile HotSpot – Integrated Carrier • Acquire MobileStar’s assets • Set the stage for integration with cellular Joltage (Franchise) Internet Joltage ~$2/hr, $25/mo Independent Micro-Hotspots Boingo (Aggregator) SprintPCS EarthLink GoAmerica (WWAN) $$$ Boingo (~600 hotspot sites) SMC ~$8/day, $75/mo TSI (Equipment) (Cellular Svcs) Wireless Wayport SurfnSip AirPath Freenets ISPs T-Mobile HotSpot (Integrated Carrier) T-Mobile International Cellular Networks • ~1200 locations • $29.99/mo single metro, 49.99/mo nationwide • Integrate with cellular? Enter: Goliath(s) Bad news for David….