EPA Document# EPA-740-R1-7010 June 2017 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Scope of the Risk Evaluation for Carbon Tetrachloride (Methane, Tetrachloro-) CASRN: 56-23-5 June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 9 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Regulatory History ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Assessment History .................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Data and Information Collection ................................................................................................ 16 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties .............................................................................................. 18 2.2 Conditions of Use ....................................................................................................................... 19 Data and Information Sources ............................................................................................... 19 Identification of Conditions of Use ........................................................................................ 19 2.3 Exposures ................................................................................................................................... 26 Fate and Transport ................................................................................................................ 26 Releases to the Environment ................................................................................................. 28 Presence in the Environment and Biota ................................................................................ 29 Environmental Exposures ...................................................................................................... 30 Human Exposures .................................................................................................................. 30 2.3.5.1 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 30 2.3.5.2 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 31 2.3.5.3 General Population Exposures ....................................................................................... 31 2.3.5.4 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................... 32 2.4 Hazards (Effects) ......................................................................................................................... 33 Environmental Hazards .......................................................................................................... 33 Human Health Hazards .......................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2.1 Non-Cancer Hazards ....................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2.2 Genotoxicity and Cancer Hazards................................................................................... 35 2.4.2.3 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................... 35 2.5 Initial Conceptual Models .......................................................................................................... 35 Initial Conceptual Model for Industrial and Commercial Activities and Uses: Potential Exposures and Hazards .......................................................................................................... 36 Initial Conceptual Model for Consumer Activities and Uses: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 38 Initial Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 40 2.6 Initial Analysis Plan ..................................................................................................................... 42 Exposure ................................................................................................................................ 42 2.6.1.1 Environmental Releases ................................................................................................. 42 2.6.1.2 Environmental Fate ........................................................................................................ 42 2.6.1.3 Environmental Exposures ............................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.4 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 43 2.6.1.5 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 43 2.6.1.6 General Population ......................................................................................................... 44 Page 2 of 65 Hazards (Effects) .................................................................................................................... 44 2.6.2.1 Environmental Hazards .................................................................................................. 44 2.6.2.2 Human Health Hazards ................................................................................................... 45 Risk Characterization ............................................................................................................. 45 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 46 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 49 Appendix A REGULATORY HISTORY ............................................................................................... 49 Appendix B PROCESS, RELEASE AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION ........................... 58 B.1.1 Manufacture (Including Import) ............................................................................................ 58 B.1.1.1 Domestic Manufacture ................................................................................................... 58 B.1.1.2 Import ............................................................................................................................. 59 B.1.2 Processing and Distribution ................................................................................................... 59 B.1.2.1 Reactant or Intermediate ............................................................................................... 59 B.1.2.2 Incorporation into a Formulation, Mixture or Reaction Products ................................. 60 B.1.2.3 Incorporation into an Article .......................................................................................... 60 B.1.2.4 Repackaging .................................................................................................................... 60 B.1.2.5 Recycling ......................................................................................................................... 61 B.1.3 Uses ........................................................................................................................................ 63 B.1.3.1 Petrochemical Manufacturing ........................................................................................ 63 B.1.3.2 Agricultural Products Manufacturing ............................................................................. 63 B.1.3.3 Solvents for Cleaning and Degreasing ............................................................................ 63 B.1.3.4 Adhesive and Sealants .................................................................................................... 64 B.1.3.5 Paints and Coatings ........................................................................................................ 64 B.1.3.6 Laboratory Chemicals ..................................................................................................... 64 B.1.3.7 Other Uses ...................................................................................................................... 65 B.1.4 Disposal .................................................................................................................................. 65 Page 3 of 65 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1. Assessment History of Carbon Tetrachloride .......................................................................... 15 Table 2-1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Tetrachloride .................................................... 18 Table 2-2. Production Volume of Carbon Tetrachloride in