Tobacco harm reduction Strategy A vision for a tobacco free future. Contents Page Forward 1 Vision and priorities 2 Tobacco control: a local priority 3 The Barking and Dagenham picture 4 Who is Smoking 5 The economic burden of smoking 9 Key strategies that support the Barking and Dagenham plan 10 Tobacco control workshop 2017 11 Local approaches to tobacco control 12 Approaches for Prevention, Protection and Treatment 13 Commissioning Intentions 21 Implementation of the strategy 21 References 23 Foreword Tobacco control remains central to achieving Barking and Dagenham’s purpose and objective - to become a healthy borough. To achieve this objective, we need to remove the burden of ill health as an outcome of smoking. The residents of Barking and Dagenham are not as healthy as they should be. Compared to other parts of the country they are not living as long, with many dying earlier from cancer, heart disease or other long-term conditions. Tackling the health inequality and the underlying causes is part of a collective responsibility to advance the right to life and to increase life expectancy, taking steps to protect all our residents, particularly children. At present the smoking prevalence in Barking and Dagenham is 20.4% which equates to approximately 35,337 smokers. This is high compared to the prevalence of smoking in London and England, and it highlights huge inequalities in the borough with smoking contributing to other major health issues. Each year smoking costs the local economy approximately £52.8 million. To address the health inequalities and reduce the smoking prevalence, we need to reduce the numbers of young people taking up smoking and help existing smokers give up. This current strategy sets out a vision for improving the health and wellbeing of residents and reducing inequalities by implementing a robust and effective Tobacco Control Plan. This will be guided and monitored by the Local Tobacco Control Alliance. Page 1 of 25 Vision & Priorities Through this strategy, we aim to secure a Smokefree future for all We recognise that tackling health inequalities is key to enabling this residents of Barking and Dagenham; where the community is free vision, three specific areas will help streamline this vision from the harms caused by smoking. We will achieve this by reducing the number of people who are affected by tobacco related harm, and to create a borough where people live long and healthy 3 Priorities to secure a Tobacco-free future lives. • A Smokefree future for Barking & Dagenham where our community • Preventing people from becoming Vision is free from tobacco related harms. 1 smokers • Protecting families and communities The strategy aims to: 2 from tobacco related harm • Reduce health inequalities by working in partnership to reduce the smoking prevalence in Barking and Dagenham • Motivating and help existing smokers • Encourage people to see not smoking as being normal 3 to quit • Protect people from the dangers from the second-hand smoke • Target the groups who are most likely to smoke Page 2 of 25 Tobacco harm reduction: a The national plan is to achieve the specific objectives by the end of national & local priority 2022. The plan sets out how the tobacco policy fits with the localism agenda and how, together with local partners, the Government will: Tobacco use remains one of our most significant public health • Reduce the number of 15 year old’s who regularly smoke challenges across England. Although smoking rates have from 8% to 3% or less decreased over recent years, smoking remains the single biggest • Reduce smoking among adults in England from 15.5% to cause of preventable premature death and disability. 12% or less Groups where prevalence are higher or there is more risk of harm • Reduce the inequality gap in smoking prevalence, between from smoking includes: young people, routine and manual workers, those in routine and manual occupations and the general pregnant women, those with mental illness, and single parents on population benefitsi. Locally smoking accounts for approximately half of the • Reduce the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy from 10.5% difference in life expectancy between the lowest and highest to 6% or less income groups. Additionally, smoking Is the largest contributor to poor physical health outcomes for people with mental health problems. National The North East London Sustainable Transformation Plan has a data indicates that smoking prevalence amongst this group is Tobacco Control plan that links with the current local Tobacco notably higher than in the general population with rates as high as Control Strategy. This supports the STP in its intentions to target 32% amongst people with a common mental health disorder, and pregnant women, use channel shift projects as an alternative to higher still in people with more severe conditions. face to face programmes, the embedding of very brief intervention Smoking increases the risk of a wide range of health conditions, practice within all relevant professional groups. including heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD, and miscarriages amongst adults. Children exposed to second hand smoke have an increased risk of developing asthma, ear infections, behavioural problems and meningitis. In July 2017, a National Tobacco Control Plan was published where the Government set out its aims around tobacco control measures called Towards a smoke-free generation A Tobacco control plan for England. Page 3 of 25 Barking and Dagenham Picture The prevalence of smoking in Barking and Dagenham remains one of the highest in London and further action is required to decrease smoking rates across the borough. We currently have the 5th Highest prevalence of smoking in London, although it has improved in recent years from being the highest in London, there is still much work to be carried out. Smoking in the borough, is a major contributor to the high premature mortality and decreased life expectancy in Barking and Dagenham. Mortality in Barking and Dagenham from smoking in people aged over 35 years is the highest in London and above the national average. In the borough, mortality rates from smoking in people aged over 35 years is 394.9 per 100,000 people, compared to 260.4 in London and 283.5 in Englandii. While the number of people aged less than 75 years who die from cancer is falling in Barking and Dagenham, the mortality rate per is 85.1 per 100,000 from lung cancer in the borough. This is still above the national average. Smoking is also responsible for approximately 17% of deaths from heart disease, and 80% of the deaths from chronic lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Smoking is also linked to a greater risk of birth defectsiii, male impotence and sperm abnormalities, early menopause, asthma, and babies who are exposed to second hand smoke have an increased risk of cot deathiv. Page 4 of 25 Who is smoking? Smoking prevalence is measured using national surveys or through GP data reported by QOF (Quality and Outcomes Framework) QOF figures for 2015/16 suggest that Barking and Dagenham has the fifth highest prevalence in London, higher than national. There are approximately 20,757 households in Barking and Dagenham with at least one smoker. Most smokers reside within the poorest communities and when net income and smoking expenditure is considered; 18% of households with a smoker fall below the poverty line in Barking and Dagenham. The highest smoking prevalence falls in the areas where levels of deprivation v are also highest . The areas where the smoking prevalence is highest in the borough are Chadwell Heath (North), Mayesbrook, Alibon, Eastbury, Goresbrook and the North of Heath. Men are more likely to smoke than women, and although female smoking prevalence is lower than male prevalence in Barking and Dagenham, the proportion of women that smoke is higher than the average for England or London. Women are more likely to access Stop Smoking services than men in Londonvi. Page 5 of 25 Nationally several groups have been identified as being at a greater It is also noted that young people from the most deprived areas risk of smoking and thus at greater risk of dying from a smoking progress to regular smoking more rapidly than those in the least related illness. Prevalence is higher in these groups, and it is also deprived areas. suggested they find it more difficult to quit, even with support. These include some BME communities such as Bangladeshi men, Local research on the health of young people indicates that youth and people in poorer socio-economic groups such as those who are cigarette smoking prevalence is relatively low; with a current ‘routine and manual’ workers. estimated prevalence of 5.6% in15 year olds. However, the use of With a diverse population across LBBD it is evident that attitudes Shisha (19.3%) and vaping (10.8%) are notably higher. towards smoking differ between ethnic groups and these are In Barking and Dagenham, the prevalence of smoking is highest reflective of national smoking patterns (Figure 5.). amongst young people aged between 20 years and 30 years old. Smoking Age population pyramid 90+ 80-84 70-74 60-64 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 18 15-16 Figure 5: Smoking prevalence amongst ethnic groups Under 10 Smoking is a habit developed in early age with two-thirds of Female3,000 Ex-Smoker2,000 Female1,000 Current Smokers0 Male1,000 Ex-Smoker2,000Male Current3,000 Smokers4,000 smokers starting before the age of 18 and 40% of smokers starting regular smoking before the age of 16. Figure 6: Smoking prevalence by age group The long-term trend has seen a decrease in the number of people taking up tobacco smoking across the UKvii. Page 6 of 25 Smoking in Pregnancy Smoking & Teenage Pregnancy Another important group demonstrating concerning rates of All women from Barking and Dagenham who give birth should be smoking are young pregnant women.