PASSIONATE PEOPLE. GREAT IDEAS. YEARSYEARS A BETTER SKILLED AUSTRALIA. CELEBRATINGCELEBRATING THE FUTURE In Their Past Archimede Fusillo 2013 Italian Services Institute of Australia An ISS Institute Fellowship sponsored by Italian Services Institute of Australia ISS Institute Inc FEBRUARY 2015 © ISS Institute T 03 9347 4583 Level 1 F 03 9348 1474 189 Faraday Street [email protected] Carlton Vic E AUSTRALIA 3053 W www.issinstitute.org.au Published by International Specialised Skills Institute, Melbourne Extract published on www.issinstitute.org.au © Copyright ISS Institute February 2015 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Whilst this report has been accepted by ISS Institute, ISS Institute cannot provide expert peer review of the report, and except as may be required by law no responsibility can be accepted by ISS Institute for the content of the report or any links therein, or omissions, typographical, print or photographic errors, or inaccuracies that may occur after publication or otherwise. ISS Institute do not accept responsibility for the consequences of any action taken or omitted to be taken by any person as a consequence of anything contained in, or omitted from, this report. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In late August and September of 2014, the Fellow travelled to various regions of Italy, including Basilicata, Lazio, Tuscany and Umbria, to seek out and interview people who had at one stage in their lives migrated to Australia and subsequently returned permanently to Italy - though not necessarily to their place of birth or origin. In the course of this undertaking, the Fellow was astounded to discover that none of the 35 people interviewed, most of them elderly now, had ever been approached to tell their particular stories. Further, that there was little if any anecdotal or primary source material on such persons to be found in any of the museums visited in Italy during the period of the Fellowship related to migration. The Fellow was made all the more conscious of the need to speak with and gather the stories of these returned migrants when on returning to Australia he discovered that one of the participants, a man in his late 70s, had since passed away. It made the task suddenly more poignant and significant as a point of reference not only about migration from Italy to Australia, but in this instance, of the reasons for the return journeys. It was a humbling personal experience for the Fellow, Archimede Fusillo, to be invited into the lives of these people and to be made cognisant of their sacrifices, struggles and sometimes compelling journey from exuberant and hopeful immigrant, to at times becoming a dislocated outsider in their own native country. The Fellow was deeply surprised by the lack of raw and primary material on display in the various migration museums visited with any direct reference to the Italian-Australian experience of this human phenomenon. He was even more convinced of the need for the collating of material from people such as those he spoke with in an organised and accessible manner in keeping with the sociological, cultural and anthropological significance of migration as a story. This was not just about an individual but more so about the place of departure and that of arrival. The stories gathered, the tacit implications in the voices telling those stories, suggested to Fusillo that this was a research project already challenged by the impending loss of the memories of those concerned. It was also pertinent by the very real fact that these people were in the twilight years of their lives. The Fellow was often reduced to silence by the dignity, the pathos and the tenacity of the people speaking. He became acutely aware that this was for many the first and maybe the last chance to express what migration had meant for them and how it had shaped their lives and that of their family, both immediate and extended. As a writer, the Fellow now sees these stories as the fabric for trying to understand the human drive to improve one’s standing in both an economic and political sense, while at the same time being conscious of the fracture that migration brings to the individual, their families and in due course their native and adopted countries. Fusillo went to Italy with many anecdotal reasons explaining why Italians had flocked back to Italy after various periods of time in Australia. The most common, and as it turned out, the least accurate and least quoted, was that Australia was a racist country that failed to give them “a fair go”. While many of those interviewed made mention of the fact that there were instances of being made to feel unwelcome, very few mentioned any overt racism. Even then it was more a case of language barrier problems than prejudice along racial lines. It is the Fellow’s genuine belief that scholars of migration, writers dealing with migration and the generations of those born in Australia of Italian heritage, would do well to take on board the actualities of the lives of the retuned Italian migrants. This would assist to better understand why those who didn’t return should be admired for their tenacity and grit in seeing through what to all accounts was a difficult time for Italians migrating to Australia in the 1950s and 1960s in particular. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fusillo is keen to see a greater cooperation between museums of migration in Italy with their counterparts in Australia. This cooperation would lead to a long-term view of gathering, collating and preserving both raw material attributable to the influx of Italians to Australia in the post-WWII period and of those who subsequently returned to Italy for good. As a result of this enlightening and at times emotional Fellowship Fusillo believes there is scope for exchange of knowledge between museums across the waters, through institutions such as the Centro Studi Emmigrazione Roma (CSER) and migration museums like the Paolo Cresci Centre in Lucca, as well as regional federations dedicated to issues of migration like the Federazione Lucchesi Nel Mondo. TABLE OF CONTENTS i ii. Abbreviations/Acronyms 1 1. Acknowledgements 1 Awarding Body – International Specialised Skills Institute (ISS Institute) 5 2. About the Fellow 7 3. Aims of the Fellowship Program 9 4. The Australian Context 11 5. Identifying the Skills and Knowledge Enhancements Required 11 5.1 Engage in structured conversation in Italian. 11 5.2 Record the experiences of people whose family members have migrated to Australia. 11 5.3 Share personal stories of growing up in Australia as the son of Italian migrants with those for whom these stories are largely unknown, or at best, assumed. 11 5.4 Perfect the Fellow’s story telling ability. 13 6. The International Experience 13 6.1 Reactions to leaving Italy. 24 6.2 Return to Italy 29 6.3 Rome and Prato 35 6.4 Impressions of the Mei and Other Emigration Museums Visited in Italy 39 6.5 The Monash University Centre, Prato and The Liceo Copernico 43 7. Knowledge Transfer: Applying the Outcomes 45 8. Recommendations 47 9. References II. ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS CSER Centro Studi Emigrazione Roma FILEF Federazione Italiana Lavoratori Emigrati e Famiglie, (Italian Federation for Italian Emigrant Workers and their Families) ISIA Italian Services Institute of Australia ISS Institute International Specialised Skills Institute MEI Museo (Nazionale) Emigrazione Italiana. (Italian National migration Museum) i 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Archimede Fusillo thanks the following organisations and individuals who gave generously of their time and their expertise to assist, advise and guide him throughout the Fellowship program. The Awarding Body, International Specialised Skills Institute (ISS Institute), is an independent, national organisation that for over two decades has worked with Australian governments, industry and education institutions to enable individuals to gain enhanced skills and experience in traditional trades, professions and leading edge technologies. At the heart of the ISS Institute are our Fellows. Under the Overseas Applied Research Fellowship Program the Fellows travel overseas. Upon their return, they are required to pass on what they have learnt by: 1. Preparing a detailed report for distribution to government departments, industry and educational institutions 2. Delivering training activities including workshops, conferences and forums. 3. Where appropriate, recommending improvements to accredited educational courses During the past 25 years, over 300 Australians have received Fellowships, across many industry sectors. In addition, recognised experts from overseas conduct training activities and events. To date, 30 leaders in their field have shared their expertise in Australia. According to Skills Australia’s ‘Australian Workforce Futures: A National Workforce Development Strategy 2010’: Australia requires a highly skilled population to maintain and improve our economic position in the face of increasing global competition, and to have the skills to adapt to the introduction of new technology and rapid change. International and Australian research indicates we need a deeper level of skills than currently exists in the Australian labour market to lift productivity. We need a workforce in which more people have skills, but also multiple and higher level skills and qualifications. Deepening skills across all occupations is crucial to achieving long-term productivity growth. It also reflects the recent trend for jobs to become more complex and the consequent increased demand for higher level skills. This trend is projected to continue regardless of whether we experience strong or weak economic growth in the future. Future environmental challenges will also create demand for more sustainability related skills across a range of industries and occupations. In this context, the ISS Institute works with Fellows, industry and government to identify specific skills in Australia that requires enhancing, where accredited courses are not available through Australian higher education institutions or other Registered Training Organisations.