Asia Tourism Forum 2016 – The 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia (ATF-16) THE IMPACT OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATION DEVELOPMENT TOWARD THE SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS IN THE SEMINYAK VILLAGE, DISTRICT OF KUTA, REGENCY OF BADUNG, BALI (IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY) Kadek Wiweka SST.Par, M.Par, M.Rech Komang Trisna Pratiwi Arcana SST.Par, M.Par, M.Rech Tourism Department, Tourism Management Program, Sahid Tourism institute (STP SAHID) The International Bali Tourism Institute (STPBI), Jalan Kemiri Jalan Tari Kecak No.12 Gatot Subroto Timur, [email protected] Denpasar – Bali, Indonesia 80239 [email protected] Abstract - The growth of tourism international scope. UNWTO (2016) noted that accommodation (villa) in the district of Kuta in 2015, the growth of international tourists Utara, which is so rapid and uncontrolled, tends reached 1,184 million tourists, or grew by to have raised some concerns on the impact that 4.4% from the previous year, when the biggest may arise (socio-cultural, environmental and growth occurred in the Asia and Pacific region economic). The gap between benefit and cost of the phenomenon raises the question of how by 4-5%. While Bali as one of the mainstay perception, response, changes the behavior of tourist destinations in Indonesia recorded a the culture and mindset of the local community growth of tourist arrivals in 2015 by 6.42% or towards the development of their area travel 4 million travelers compared to 2014 (3.7 accommodation. To examine the case, this study million). The phenomenon of growth in tourist combines the two forms of both quantitative and arrivals to Bali will certainly encourage an qualitative methodologies (multi-method). The increased need or demand of tourists; one of qualitative methods done by observing a them is from the accommodation sector. The research site to see the behavior of local people Central Bureau of Statistics Bali (2016) noted in the village of Seminyak and informal talks that in 2013 occurred a growing number of (interview) that is guided by an interview guidelines related to the perception of the local accommodations (Star Hotel) by 4.1% to as community, the village headman, and the much as 227 hotels from the year 2012 managers of accommodation (villa). While amounted to 218 hotels. With the growing quantitative methods conducted by distributing trend of travelers which are likely to continue questionnaires to local communities (90 to rise, is feared more uncontrolled growth of respondents) were selected randomly. The result accommodation. This concern is based on the of this study is the public response to the data distribution of accommodation growth, development of the accommodation is in the which amounted to 64.3% in the area of phase of “Euphoria”. It is seen from some of the Badung and the rest spread successively 13.7% symptoms, which generally public responses in Denpasar, 8% in Gianyar, 6% in Buleleng, tend to more focus on the advantage of the economic aspects and as if the exclusion of other 3% in Karangasem and Klungkung and by effects that arise as the socio-cultural and 0.8% in Jembrana and Tabanan. environmental. Unequal growth in tourism to a destination Keywords: Perception; Local Communities; would make some impacts, either negative Tourist Accommodation; Seminyak impact (cost) and benefit from tourism activities against most regions, in this case the 1. Introduction Badung regency. One impact of the development of tourism accommodation in Without any doubt, in recent decades, tourism Badung is conversion or land use, where has grown into a sector that is relied upon to productive land (agricultural) used as tourist stimulate the economy in the national and accommodation (Evita et al., 2012: 11). That © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0216 Asia Tourism Forum 2016 – The 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia (ATF-16) phenomenon will ultimately affect the local Kontogeorgopoulos et al., 2015), tourism is traditions, which the Balinese culture that is a form of acculturation (Smith, 2003: 53; built on the values of an agrarian culture will Holden, 2005: 157; Berry, 2005: 700), gradually change through geographical tourism led to the marginalization of local conditions. communities (Azhar, 2013; Pandit, 2012: 44-48), tourism causes the demonstration Changes in culture behavior and mindset of the effect on local communities local community to the development of (Yasothornsrikul and Bowen, 2015: 99 ) , tourism, especially in the aspect of tourist tourism led to the development of drugs, accommodation in Badung then become an alcohol , and prostitution (Smith, 2003: 50; interesting issue to be studied. This research Monterrubio and Bello, 2011: 17-18), has focused on knowing how the perception of tourism causes congestion (Wiersma and the local community in Seminyak village, Robertson, 2003: 157). Kuta, Badung toward the development of tourism accommodation. The study was b. While the environmental aspect, few inspired by several studies (Doxey, 1975; researches have examined several focuses Monterrubio and Bello, 2011) who believed include: tourism can cause physical that the perception of local communities will environment and ecology degradation continue to change as the intensity of the (United Nations Research Institute for interaction between tourism activities and local Social Development, 1994), tourism causes community. Those changes can be affected by environmental pollution (Scott, 2008; how far the benefits and negative impact (cost) Tapper et al., 2011: 15), tourism led to an accrued by the local community. Hence, this increase in land use (Howe 2006: 145; Jeff study is no longer discusses the impact of all and Belinda, 2009: 66; Pringle, 2004: 191; tourism activities, but more focused on how Windia, 2015), tourism is also increasing the perception of local communities to the over the ownership of land (Sveinsdóttir, tourism development itself. 2014: 106), tourism causes changes in the behavior of the native fauna (Saputra et al., 2. Literature Review 2014: 14-15; Pelletier, 2006: 17), tourism 2.1. The Impact of Tourism contributes to climate change (Scott, 2008). Generally from these two aspects, both Tourism is an industry that involves various socio-cultural and environmental, tourism is dimensions. This phenomenon happened often seen as the “unfriendly” industry. because during the process, tourists who travel to a destination will bring their customs and c. But, it is different in economy aspect, culture, as well as interact with local several studies have tended to see tourism communities, including elements of the socio- as industries that bring benefits, such as: cultural, environmental, and economic. These tourism can encourage infrastructure interactions could potentially influence each development, increase income and element, not only for local community but also purchasing power, creating new jobs, until for the tourists themselves. That influence can the multiplier effect, such as the role of the be classified into two categories, such as export and import. positive (benefits) and negative (costs). That issue also has been studied by many In the context of this study, some of the researchers, as follow: benefits and impacts of the above is believed to affect the perception of the local community a. Socio- cultural aspects; tourism as a means to the development of tourism in a destination. of preserving the art and culture (Howe Many references about the tourism influence 2006:135; Setyagung et al., 2013: 27; are used as materials to look for information Ismalasari and Suparwoto, 2014: 210), about perceptions of local community in tourism as a form of commoditization and Seminyak village. commercialization of arts, culture and religion (Shepherd, 2002:193; Greenwood, 1977: 130; Cohen, 1988: 371-383; Cole, 2008: 144-147; Lisette, 2013: 79-80; © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0217 Asia Tourism Forum 2016 – The 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia (ATF-16) 2.2. "Residents’ Perception of Seminyak. Further data collection in this period performed by interview (Sugiyono, One of the studies that have been done related 200) or informal talk guided by instrument or to the local perception is the research guidelines interviews related to the response of conducted in Tafi Athome, Ghana titled the local community, the village headman, and "Residents’ Perception of Socio-economic the managers of accommodation (villa) .by Impacts of Tourism" (Mensah, 2012). This using purposive sampling toward the benefits paper stated that the local perception of the and impact of the development of tourism tourism development in that area tend to be accommodation. positive, especially from the perspective of its impact on social and economic elements. While distributing a questionnaire or data Specifically, local communities view that collection techniques by providing a set of did tourism contributed to the preservation of the the quantitative method questions (with a apes in Mona and saw that native faunas are measurement scale rating scale) to the local not disturbed by tourism activity. Besides, community (90 respondents) were selected local people also benefit an economic randomly (simple random sampling) advantage by opening occupations, although associated with the response to the not many investors are interested to invest in development of the sector of tourist their environment. When viewed