z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74168-74173, October, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.32501.10.2018 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF SOME PLANT SPECIES OF ORDER MALVALES 1, *Vibhavari K. Vyas and 2Dr. Gohil, T. G. 1Biology Department, The P. G. Science College, Bardoli-394601 D: Surat, Gujarat, India 2The B. K. M. Science College, Valsad, Gujarat, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Present paper deals with the pollen diversity of some plant species of order Malvales, which belongs Received 19th July, 2018 to subclass Polypetalae of class Dicotyledon. Malvales is the most important order of subclass Received in revised form Polypetalae. Here investigated plants were taken from Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae 09th August, 2018 families. Mostly plants are multipalynous in porate grains the common type were polyporate. The Accepted 14th September, 2018 pollen grains varies in their size from large to very large, the most common are large sized grains. The th Published online 30 October, 2018 shape of the pollen grains seems to be more or less constant i. e. prolate, spheroidal to oblate. Spine morphology is variable may have blunt or pointed tips and with long or short spines. The pore size has Key Words: been observed whereas the shape of pores seems to be fairly constant being more or less circular. The Pollen diversity, nexine is thicker than sexine. Malvales, Acetolysis, Symmetrical, Porate, Spine, Nexine, Sexine. Copyright © 2018, Vibhavari Vyas and Gohil. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Vibhavari K. Vyas and Dr. Gohil, T. G., 2018. “Pollen morphology of some plant species of order Malvales”, International Journal of Current Research, 10, (09), 74168-74173. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphological structure of pollen grains exhibit wonderful The specimen selected for the study is authentically identified criterion in identification of plants and has revolutionized the with help of Flora of Gujarat by G. L. Shah. Flowers and study of pollen and spores (i.e. Palynology). Pollen flower buds of Abelmoschus manihot L., Abutilon indicum L. morphology is conducted as an aid to the morphological study Bombax mulbaricum L., Chorchorus fascicularis Lam., and a significant tool for modern taxonomist for the Gossypium herbaceum Linn., Hibiscus schizopetalus H.K.F., delimitation of species. Pollen characters are useful in solving Hibiscus tilaceus var. Tricolor L., Pentapetes phoenicea L., complicated problems of interrelationship between various Sida cordifolia L., Sida ovata Forssk. were collected from taxa and assessment of their status in the classification, Bardoli area during April 2016, Pollen sample were collected particularly with reference to the families, sub families, tribes, from fresh plant material in to 10% formalin. They are stored genera, species and sub species. Mature pollen grain size, for further investigation at room temperature. Each slide was exine sculpturing, and number of pores are the most distinctive prepared by acetolysis method of Erdtman (1952) and at a few features. Palynological data is useful for further research work places that of Walker (1974). An acetolysed pollen grains were in the field of allergic disease, forestry, agriculture, mounted in lacto phenol. Observations were made with horticulture, archaeology and plant geography. Order Malvales research binocular light photomicroscope. is a major group of subclass Polypetalae, have large numbers of plants, specifically have economic and medicinal RESULT AND DISCUSSION importance. This order contains highly multipalynous plants. It is expressed to a higher degree (more so the former with a 1. Abelmoschus manihot L. large variety of aperture morph forms the colporate, porate, the aperture varying in number and distribution.), rarely Family – Malvaceae unipalynous with one or two aperture forms. Local name – Khati Bhindi Habit – Herb *Corresponding author: Vibhavari K. Vyas, Biology Department, The P. G. Science College, Bardoli-394601 D: Surat, Observation under – 100x. Gujarat, India. 74169 Vibhavari Vyas and Gohil. Pollen morphology of some plant species of order malvales Figure 1. Pollen morphology of Abelmoschus manihot L. Figure 2. Pollen morphology of Abutilon indicum L. Pollen grains prolate, spheroidal, average size 140.1 µ; (range spine height 1.9 µm, broad at the base 1.4 µm, distance 108 – 145.5 µ). Surface rough, Pores circular to elongate, between two spines 2.0 µm. Basal cushion high, 2.8 µm in diameter 10.2- 9.8 x 13.5 µm, distance between two pores- 8.9 height, Interbasal distance present. Exine 0.9 µm thick, once – 31 µm. spine height 22 - 28.5 µm, broad at the base, basal (2.2 x 4 µm). cushion low to high, 2.3 – 5.8 µm, Inter basal distance present, small bacules present in the basal cushion and joint the bacules 3. Bombax malbaricum DC. in the sexine forming rootlets. Distance between two spines Family - Malvaceae (Bombacaceae) 26.3 - 29.2 µm, spine large echinolophate with blunt ends, flat Local name – Shimdo or bulbous sides, Exine 3.5 – 4.5 µm thick, 5.5 – 6.1 µm thick Habit – Tree at the base of the spine, intactate nexine. Observation under – 100x 2. Abutilon indicum L. Pollen spheroidal, undulating, amb triangular, inter – apertual, corners rounded, colpi apices acute, finely granulate, exine Family – Malvaceae reticulate. Pollen grains very large 40.0 - 45.0 µ, Triporate, Local name – Kansaki baculate, prolate spheroidal and monad. Equatorial diameter Habit – Herb 37. 5 - 44.2 µ. Observation under – 40x. 4. Chorchorus fascicularis Lam. Pollen grain 3 – porate, prolate spheroidal, large in size, polar axis 30.4 (30.1) 33 µm, equatorial diameter 23.3 (28) 30.4 µm, Family: Tiliaceae surface rough, pores circular, diameter of spore 1.8 Local name: Chhunchh µm,mesoporium 23 µm, apoporium 10.5 µm. spines Habit: herb echinolophate short with pointed ends, bulbous sides, Observation under: 100x 74170 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74168-74173, October, 2018 Figure 3. Pollen morphology of Bombax mulbaricum DC. Figure 4. Pollen morphology of Chorchorus fascicularis Lam. Figure 5. Pollen morphology of Gossypium herbaceum Linn. 74171 Vibhavari Vyas and Gohil. Pollen morphology of some plant species of order malvales Figure 6. Pollen morphology of Hibiscus schizopetalus H.K.F. Figure 7. Pollen morphology of Hibiscus tilaceus var. (Tricolor) L. Figure 8. Pollen morphology of Pentapetes phoenicea L. 74172 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 10, Issue, 10, pp.74168-74173, October, 2018 Pollen grain subprolate, spheroidal polar diameter 34.83 ± 0.64 Conclusion µ, Equatorial diameter 27.13 ± 0.53 µ, colpi long extending up to pole, linear symmetrical, colpi length 33.83 ± 0.55 µ, colpi The families Malvaceae (including Bombacaceae), Tiliaceae margin incurved, pore character inconspicuous, mostly and Sterculiaceae have been included by all systematize in the polygonal and rarely triangular, muri 0.28 ± 0.06 µm to 0.50 ± order Malvales, except for Hutchinson who separated the 0.08 µm thick, Exine surface reticulate, cellular features Tiliaceae and Sterculiaceae along with some others to another instinct, shallow to foveolate. order Tiliales. Among the families of the order Malvales, families Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae are highly multipalynous, 5. Gossypium herbaceum Linn. the pollen of the order is characteristically 3-colporate thick walled and often elaborately ornamented, being either Family: Malvaceae reticulate or spinous. The species from Malvaceae have Local name: Kapas distinctly spiny pollen grains with different size of spines, Habit: Herb where as Bombax mulbaricum have non spiny pollen grains Observation under: 40x mostly triangular and 3- colporate. Species from Sterculiaceae have also spiny pollen grains with short spines. Species from Pollen grains prolate, Spheroidal, very large in size (Average Tiliaceae have non spiny pollen grains, colpate, and colporate. size 100.5 µm; range 97 – 104 µm). Pores circular, diameter 6.5 µm, inter polar distance 18.5 µm, Spines with pointed REFERENCES ends, flat sides, spine length 6.5 µm, width at the base 4.5 µm, inter spinal distance 18.8 µm, basal cushion high, and 5.6 µm Ali S. I., Nasir Y. J. (eds.) 1990–1993. Flora of Pakistan 190– in height. 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In: (Eds.): with curved and blunt ends, surface between spine is granulate, W. Punt, S. Black More and G.C.S. spine arrangement is varying type, spines are spaced widely Devarkar V. D. 2011. Study of Allergenic Pollens from hence easy to count and measure, spine length 17.5 µm, broad Ethnobotanically Important Plants from Osmanabad at the base 6.5 µm, distance between two spines 13.1 µm, basal District. Lifesciences Leaflets, 13: 427 -434. cushion absent. Exine thickness 2 - 4 µm. Edwards K J. and Macdonald G. M. 1991. Holocene Palynology: Ii Human Influence And Vegetation Change. 7.Hibiscus tilaceus var.