JULY 1992 ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE FEMALE ANOPHELES OF SOUTHWESTERN ASIA AND EGYPT (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)’ JAYSON I. GLICK~ Walter Reed BiosystematicsUnit, Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington,DC 2030 7-5 100 ABSTRACT. An illustrated key for the identification of the female Anophelesmosquitoes of southwesternAsia and Egypt is presented. Thirty-nine speciesand three subspeciesare treated, including 25 speciesand one subspeciesof Anopheles(Cellia) and 14 speciesand two subspeciesof Anopheles(Anopheles). A new speciesfrom Egypt of the subgenusCellia closely related to Anophelesstephgnsi Liston is left unnamed. Anopheles(Anopheles) pseudopictus Grassiis removed from synonomy with Anopheles(Anopheles) hyrcanus (Pallas), and Anoph- eles (Anopheles)habibi Mulligan and Puri is recognized as a junior synonym of Anopheles (Anopheles) claviger (Meigen). Tables providing important taxonomic references and the geographicdistribution for each speciesare included. INTRODUCTION 1949, Senevet and Andarelli 1955a, Russell et al. 1963). An identification key for the Anopheles This work beganas a study of the Anopheles mosquitoesof the entire SouthwestAsian Re- mosquitoesof the Arabian Peninsula,empha- gion has long been a necessityfor entomolo- sizing the fauna of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, gistsdealing with malaria vectors. Published and was expanded to include all of south- keys and speciesdescriptions for the region western Asia as defined by Harbach (1988), are scattered throughout the literature, and and modified to include all land south of the are often limited in scope to the Anopheles Russianrepublics between the Mediterranean species of a single country (Salem 1938, Seaand the Indus River of Pakistan,including Egypt; Pringle 1954, Iraq; Abdel-Malek 1958, all of Turkey and Egypt. The material exam- Syria; Shahgudian 1960, Iran; Postiglione et ined came largely from the collections of the al. 1973, Turkey; Danilov 1985, Afghanistan) National Museum of Natural History, Smith- or limited geographical region such as the sonian Institution, and the British Museum Arabian Peninsula (Mattingly and Knight (Natural History). The Anophelesfauna of the 1956, Shidrawi and Gillies 1987) and the SouthwestAsian Region presently consistsof Indian Subregion(Christophers 1933). Many 39 speciesand three subspecies,representing are now of limited value due to numerous two subgenera.The majority of the species nomenclatural changesand additions, and re- have Palaearctic affinities, while a smaller finementsin our ability to differentiate sibling number are clearly more Ethiopian or Ori- species,and are ineffective for identification ental in their distribution. of Anopheleson a region-widebasis. Available Two nomenclatural changes have been keys for the Anophelesof the Palaearctic Re- made for the An. (Anopheles)of the Southwest gion are similarly ineffective (Bates et al. Asian Region. Anopheles(Ano.) pseudopictus Grassi is removed from synonomy with An. ’ ’ The viewsof the authordo not purportto reflect (Ano.) hyrcanus(Pallas) based on the appar- the viewsof the Departmentof the Army or the ent absenceof evidence for its hybridization Departmentof Defense. with An. hyrcanusin any part of its distribu- ’ Reprint requests:Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, MuseumSupport Center, Smithsonian Insti- tion, and the distinctnessof material studied tution,Washington, DC 20560. of both An. hyrcanus and An. pseudopictus 126 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 24, No. 2 from Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan. Bruce A. (Colbourne and Smith 1964, Sebai 1988, Za- Harrison (personalcommunication) provided har 1985) An. (Cel.) pharoensis in Egypt characterswhich clearly show An. (Ano.) ha- (Zahar 1974), and An. (Cel.) pulcherrimusin bibi Mulligan and Puri to be a synonym of Afghanistan (Zahar 1974). An. (Ano.) claviger (Meigen). In particular, Indigenousmalaria has been eliminated for the lower proepisternalsetae (PeSL) are found the most part from Bahrain and Kuwait, only in An. habibi and An. claviger, and a where imported malaria is now the primary closely related western Mediterranean species problem (Amin 1989, Hira et al. 1985). An. (Ano.) petragnani Del Vecchio. Compar- Anopheles(Gel. ) stephensiand An. (Gel. ) pul- ison of the type female of An. habibi in the cherrimus are present in both countries and British Museum (Natural History) with An. are known vectors in neighboring countries. clavigerfrom Iraq and Israel showedno mor- In Iraq, primary malaria vectors presently phological differencesbetween the two; com- include An. (Ano.) sacharovi,An. (Gel. ) ste- parison with An. claviger from France, phensi and An. (Gel. ) superpictus(Abul-Hab Greece, Italy, Spain, Israel and Russiashowed and Al-Kassal 1986). Malaria eradication pro- no statisticaldifference in the length of the grams have reduced transmission in many wing petiole to the anterior forked cell be- areas of the Southwest Asian Region, while tween the two speciesas was stated in the there has been a resurgence of malaria in correction to the original description of An. others. Ramsdale and Haas (1978) reviewed habibi (Mulligan and Puri 1936b); and com- the problems of resurgentmalaria in southern parison of the genitalia of An. habibi males and southeastern Turkey where An. (Ano.) from Quetta, Baluchistan (BM 1938-663/ sacharovi, An. (Gel. ) superpictusand other 14 13) with An. claviger males from Israel, speciesmay be playing a role in transmission. Greece and England showedno salient differ- ences. Anopheles habibi is therefore recog- METHODS AND PRESENTATION nized as a junior synonym of An. claviger (NEW SYNONOMY). The scopeof this study includesthe Anoph- Morphological characters used here are eles fauna from portions of the North Eura- based predominantly on previous usage in sian, Mediterranean, Afro-Arabian (Desert), published literature. Harbach and Knight Afrotropical and Indo-Iranian malarial epi- ( 1980) are followed for morphological terms demiological zones as defined by Macdonald and abbreviations, and wing spot characters (1957). Primary malaria vectorsin the South- and abbreviationsare taken from the nomen- west Asian Region include An. (Cellia) ara- clature usedby Wilkerson and Peyton (1990). biensis Patton, An. (Gel.) culicifaciesGiles, In the key, morphological featuresare writ- An. (Cel.) fluviatilis James, An. (Cel.) phar- ten out, followed by their abbreviation, to oensis Theobald, An. (Gel. ) pulcherrimus assistusers. Specimens were examined at 20- Theobald, An. (Ano.) sacharovi Favre, An. 120x magnification under blue-filtered tung- (Cel. ) sergentii (Theobald), An. (Gel. ) ste- sten light. Pure white was used as a reference phensi Liston and An. (Gel.) superpictus for determining other colors according to the Grassi. Secondary vectors include An. (Gel.) method of Peyton and Ramalingam (1988). annularis Van der Wulp, An. (Cel.) cinereus Taxonomic notes are indicated in the key for Theobald, An. (Ano.) claviger and An. (Gel.) certain speciesand presented in an “Expla- multicolor Cambouliu (White 1989, Zahar nation of Notes” section immediately follow- 1974). Although many of the primary vectors ing the key. are important in malaria transmissionover a Table 1 is a taxonomic index to the Anoph- widespreadarea of the region, several are of eles mosquitoes of southwestern Asia and concern in more limited areas,including An. Egypt, including a list of important taxo- (Gel.) arabiensis in the Arabian Peninsula nomic references for each species.Tables 2 JULY 1992 127 Table 1. Taxonomic index and referencesfor the Anophelesmosquitoes of southwesternAsia and Egypt. Key Taxon couplet Taxonomic references Genus Anopheles SubgenusAnopheles 2,27 algeriensisTheobald 28 Marshall (1938) Senevet and An- darelli (1955a) claviger(Meigen) 32 Mulligan and Puri ( 1936a, 1936b), Marshall (1938) Rossand Rob- erts (1943), Torres Canamares ( 1945), Senevet and Andarelli (1955a, 1955b) coustaniLaveran 35 Evans ( 1938), de Meillon ( 1947) Senevet and Andarelli (1955a), Gillies and de Meillon (1968) gigas simlensis(James) 39 Christophers(1933), Reid ( 1968) hyrcanus (Pallas) 37 Christopher-s(1933), Ross and Roberts ( 1943), Reid ( 1953), Gutsevich ( 1976) lindesayi Giles 39 Christophers( 1933), Reid ( 1968) maculipennisMeigen 30 Hackett and Missiroli ( 1935) Marshall (1938), Bates (1940), Senevet and Andarelli (1955a), Rioux (1958) Gutsevich et al. (1974) White ( 1978) marteri sogdianusKeshishian 31 Keshishian ( 1938) Shahgudian (1956) martinius Shingarev 30 Hackett and Missiroli ( 1935) Bates (1940), White (1978) nigerrimusGiles 38 Christophers(1933), Reid (1953, 1968) Harrison ( 1972) Hani- son and Scanlon (1975) peditaeniatus(Leicester) 38 Reid (1953, 1968) Harrison (1972), Harrison and Scanlon (1975) plumbeus Stephens 32 Marshall (1938) Senevet and An- darelli (1955a) pseudopictusGrassi 37 Dow ( 1953), Senevet and Anda- relli (1955a) sacharoviFavre 30 Hackett and Missiroli ( 1935), Bates (1940), Ross and Roberts (1943), Rioux (1958) White (1978) subalpinusHackett and Lewis 30 Hackett and Lewis (1935), Bates (1940) Rioux (1958) White (1978) Cianci et al. (1987) tenebrosusDoenitz 35 Evans (1938), de Meillon (1947) Gillies and de Meillon (1968) SubgenusCellia 2,28 annularis Van der Wulp 5 Christophers( 1933), Ross and Roberts ( 1943), Bonne-Wepster and Swellengrebel( 1953), Hara (1959) Reid (1968) apoci Marsh 26 Marsh (1933) Table 1 continues. 128 MOSQUITO SYSTEMATICS VOL. 24, No. 2 Table 1. Continued. Key Taxon couplet Taxonomic references arabiensisPatton 22 Evans (1938), de Meillon