AGREED FRAMEWORK TEXT US-DPRK AGREED FRAMEWORK / SIX-PARTY TALKS Signed: Geneva, 21 October 1994 c. As necessary, the U.S. and the DPRK will conclude a bilateral Delegations of the governments of the agreement for cooperation in the United States of America (U.S.) and the Democratic field of peaceful uses of nuclear People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) held talks in energy. Geneva from September 23 to October 21, 1994, to In accordance with the October 20, 1994 let- negotiate an overall resolution of the nuclear issue on ter of assurance from the U.S. President, the U.S., the Korean Peninsula. attaining the objectives con- representing the consortium, will make arrangements tained in the August 12, 1994 Agreed Statement be- to offset the energy foregone due to the freeze of the tween the U.S. and the DPRK and upholding the DPRK's graphite-moderated reactors and related fa- principles of the June 11, 1993 Joint Statement of the cilities, pending completion of the first LWR unit. U.S. and the DPRK to achieve peace and security on 2. Both sides reaffirmed the importance of a nuclear-free Korean peninsula. The U.S. and the a. Alternative energy will be provided DPRK decided to take the following actions for the in the form of heavy oil for heating resolution of the nuclear issue: and electricity production. b. Deliveries of heavy oil will begin I. within three months of the date of this Document and will reach a rate Both sides will cooperate to replace the DPRK's of 500,000 tons annually, in accor- graphite-moderated reactors and related facilities dance with an agreed schedule of with light-water reactor (LWR) power plants. deliveries. 3. Upon receipt of U.S. assurances for the pro- 1. In accordance with the October 20, 1994 let- vision of LWR's and for arrangements for ter of assurance from the U.S. President, the interim energy alternatives, the DPRK will U.S. will undertake to make arrangements freeze its graphite-moderated reactors and for the provision to the DPRK of a LWR related facilities and will eventually disman- project with a total generating capacity of tle these reactors and related facilities. approximately 2,000 MW(e) by a target date a. The freeze on the DPRK's graphite- of 2003. moderated reactors and related fa- a. The U.S. will organize under its cilities will be fully implemented leadership an international consor- within one month of the date of this tium to finance and supply the Document. During this one-month LWR project to be provided to the period, and throughout the freeze, DPRK. The U.S., representing the the International Atomic Energy international consortium, will serve Agency (IAEA) will be allowed to as the principal point of contact monitor this freeze, and the DPRK with the DPRK for the LWR pro- will provide full cooperation to the ject. IAEA for this purpose. b. The U.S., representing the consor- b. Dismantlement of the DPRK's tium, will make best efforts to se- graphite-moderated reactors and re- cure the conclusion of a supply lated facilities will be completed contract with the DPRK within six when the LWR project is com- months of the date of this Docu- pleted. ment for the provision of the LWR c. The U.S. and the DPRK will coop- project. Contract talks will begin as erate in finding a method to store soon as possible after the date of safely the spent fuel from the 5 this Document. MW(e) experimental reactor during the construction of the LWR pro- Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes TAF-1 Center for Nonproliferation Studies AGREED FRAMEWORK TEXT ject, and to dispose of the fuel in a safe manner that does not involve 1. The DPRK will remain a party to the Treaty reprocessing in the DPRK. on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weap- 4. As soon as possible after the date of this ons (NPT) and will allow implementation of document U.S. and DPRK experts will hold its safeguards agreement under the Treaty. two sets of experts talks. 2. Upon conclusion of the supply contract for a. At one set of talks, experts will dis- the provision of the LWR project, ad hoc cuss issues related to alternative and routine inspections will resume under energy and the replacement of the the DPRK's safeguards agreement with the graphite-moderated reactor pro- IAEA with respect to the facilities not sub- gram with the LWR project. ject to the freeze. Pending conclusion of the b. At the other set of talks, experts supply contract, inspections required by the will discuss specific arrangements IAEA for the continuity of safeguards will for spent fuel storage and ultimate continue at the facilities not subject to the disposition. freeze. 3. When a significant portion of the LWR pro- II. ject is completed, but before delivery of key nuclear components, the DPRK will come The two sides will move toward full normalization of into full compliance with its safeguards political and economic relations. agreement with the IAEA (INFCIRC/403), including taking all steps that may be 1. Within three months of the date of this deemed necessary by the IAEA, following Document, both sides will reduce barriers to consultations with the Agency with regard to trade and investment, including restrictions verifying the accuracy and completeness of on telecommunications services and finan- the DPRK's initial report on all nuclear ma- cial transactions. terial in the DPRK. 2. Each side will open a liaison office in the other's capital following resolution of consu- Robert L. Gallucci lar and other technical issues through expert Head of Delegation of the level discussions. United States of America, 3. As progress is made on issues of concern to Ambassador at Large of the each side, the U.S. and the DPRK will up- United States of America grade bilateral relations to the Ambassado- rial level. Kang Sok Ju Head of the Delegation of the III. People's Republic of Korea, First Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Both sides will work together for peace and security of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on a nuclear-free Korean peninsula. 1. The U.S. will provide formal assurances to the DPRK, against the threat or use of nu- clear weapons by the U.S. 2. The DPRK will consistently take steps to implement the North-South Joint Declara- tion on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. 3. The DPRK will engage in North-South dia- logue, as this Agreed Framework will help create an atmosphere that promotes such dialogue. IV. Both sides will work together to strengthen the inter- national nuclear non-proliferation regime. Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes TAF-2 Center for Nonproliferation Studies .