GOVERNMENT OF NAGALAND Nagaland State Action Plan on Climate Change Achieving a Low Carbon Development Trajectory Version 2012.2 Supported by GIZ Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. i List of Figures ................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................ix List of Boxes .................................................................................................................... x Foreword .........................................................................................................................xi Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... xiii Abbreviations/Acronyms ................................................................................................. xv 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Context ..............................................................................................................2 1.2 The National Context ....................................................................................................................2 1.3 The Mountains, the North East Hills and the Eastern Himalayas Context .................................. 3 1.4 The Nagaland Context .................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Process Adopted for NSAPCC Preparation .................................................................................. 5 1.6 Future Reviews and Revisions ....................................................................................................... 7 2. Nagaland - A Profile ......................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Location and Physiography ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Land Use and Ownership ............................................................................................................ 12 2.4 Population and Socioeconomic Profile ...................................................................................... 13 2.5 Human Development .................................................................................................................. 15 2.6 Infrastructure – Airports, Railways, Roads, Telecommunication ............................................... 16 2.7 Industries and Economic Sectors ................................................................................................ 16 2.8 Governance, Traditional Institutions and Civil Society............................................................... 17 2.8.1. Decentralized Governance .............................................................................................. 17 2.8.2. Civil Society ..................................................................................................................... 19 3. Observed Climate and Climate Change Projections .......................................................... 21 3.1 India and the North-Eastern region ........................................................................................... 22 3.2 Climate Profile for Nagaland...................................................................................................... 22 3.2.1. Observed Trends in Climate ........................................................................................... 22 3.2.2. Climate Change projections ............................................................................................ 25 4. Sectoral Interventions - Overall Approach and Framework ............................................... 27 4.1 Existing Initiatives Related to Climate Change .......................................................................... 28 4.2 State Vision and Commitment .................................................................................................. 28 4.3 Overall Approach, Principles, and Strategies ............................................................................ 28 4.3.1. Scientific Knowledge, Evidence Base, and Understanding of Climate Change ........... 29 4.3.2. Governance Mechanisms, Institutional Decision Making, and Convergence .............. 29 4.3.3. Capacity Development, Education, and Awareness ...................................................... 30 4.3.4. Private Sector .................................................................................................................. 31 4.3.5. Role of Civil Society ......................................................................................................... 31 4.3.6. Monitoring Framework ................................................................................................... 32 4.3.7. Knowledge Management, Sharing, Learning, and Dialogue Across the IHR and Beyond ......................................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 Overall Common Implementation Framework .......................................................................... 32 5. Integrated Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Overview, Characteristics and Status ......................................................................................... 36 5.1.1. Soils of Nagaland ............................................................................................................. 36 5.1.2. Irrigation .......................................................................................................................... 37 5.1.3. Traditional Farming Systems .......................................................................................... 37 5.1.4. Agricultural Production and Productivity ....................................................................... 38 5.1.5. Horticulture ..................................................................................................................... 39 5.1.6. Livestock ......................................................................................................................... 40 5.1.7. Fisheries ........................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Institutional Arrangements and Existing Initiatives ................................................................... 41 5.2.1. Department of Agriculture ............................................................................................. 42 5.2.2. Department of Horticulture ........................................................................................... 42 5.2.3. Department of Veterinary & Animal Husbandry ........................................................... 42 5.2.4. Department of Fisheries ................................................................................................ 42 5.2.5. Department of Soil and Water Conservation ................................................................ 42 5.2.6. Department of Irrigation and Flood Control .................................................................. 42 5.2.7. Extension, Outreach, Research and Development ........................................................ 43 5.3 Key Issues and Challenges .......................................................................................................... 43 5.3.1. Water ............................................................................................................................... 43 5.3.2. Soils ................................................................................................................................. 43 5.3.3. Livestock related issues .................................................................................................. 44 5.3.4. Fisheries related issues ................................................................................................... 44 5.3.5. Institutional and other issues ......................................................................................... 44 5.4 Projected Impacts of Climate Change ....................................................................................... 44 5.4.1. Results of Modelled CC Impacts ..................................................................................... 45 5.4.2. Agricultural vulnerability profile .................................................................................... 46 5.5 Sectoral Strategies: Integrated Agriculture ................................................................................ 47 5.5.1. Research and Development ............................................................................................ 47 5.5.2. Upscaling No Regret Interventions ................................................................................ 48 Page | ii 5.5.3. Enhancing Extension Services .......................................................................................