ISSN 0083-7903, 100 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 100 (Online) , , II COVER PHOTO. Dictyodendrilla cf. cavernosa (Lendenfeld, 1883) (type species of Dictyodendri/la Bergquist, 1980) (see page 24), from NZOI Stn I827, near Rikoriko Cave entrance, Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve. Photo: Ken Grange, NZOI. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera by ELLIOT W. DAWSON N .Z. Oceanographic Institute, Wellington New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 100 1993 • This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Cataloguing in publication DAWSON, E.W. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera / by Elliot W. Dawson - Wellington: New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 1993. (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute memoir, ISSN 0083-7903, 100) ISBN 0-478-08310-6 I. Title II. Series UDC Series Editor Dennis P. Gordon Typeset by Rose-Marie C. Thompson NIWA Oceanographic (NZOI) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Received for publication: 17 July 1991 © NIWA Copyright 1993 2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 SCOPE AND ARRANGEMENT 7 SYSTEMATIC LIST 8 Class DEMOSPONGIAE 8 Subclass Homosclcromorpha ............................................................................................... 8 Order Homosclerophorida ............................................................................................. 8 Subclass Tetractinomorpha ...................................................................................................... 8 Order Choristida ............................................................................................................ 8 Order Spirophorida ........................................................................................................... 11 Order Lithistida ........................................................................................................... 12 Order Hadromerida 12 Order Axinellida 19 Subclass Ceractinomorpha ................................................................................................. 22 Order Dendroceratida ........................................................................................................ 22 Order Dictyoceratida ........................................................................................................ 24 Order Verongiida ......................................................................................................... 29 Order Haplosclerida ......................................................................................................... 29 Order Nepheliospongida ............................................................................................... 34 Order Poecilosclerida ......................................................................................................... 35 Order Halichondrid ........................................................................................................ 47 Class CALCAREA 49 Subclass Calcinea so Order Clathrinida so Subclass Calcaronea .................................................................................................................. 51 Order Leucosoleniida ......................................................................................................... 51 Order Sycettida ..................................................................................................................... 52 Class HEXACTINELLIDA 54 Subclass Amphidiscophora ...................................................................................................... 55 Order Amphidiscosa ......................................................................................................... 55 Subclass Hexasterophora ...................................................................................................... 55 Order Hexactinosida ........................................................................................................... 55 Order Lyssacinosida ........................................................................................................... 55 REFERENCES 57 INDEX 87 3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Index to the Fauna 2. Porifera ELLIOT W. DAWSON* ABSTRACT A list of all marine Porifera recorded from the New Zealand region is given, with the bibliographic citation for each original description followed by significant subsequent references. A generic and specific index, with some common synonymy, provide entry into the literature published on each taxon. INTRODUCTION This volume is the second in a series listing the The challenge to continue describing and recorded species of marine invertebrates in New cataloguing the New Zealand fauna was taken up Zealand waters. The first volume, dealing with the by that indefatigable pioneer naturalist F.W. Hutton, Protozoa (Dawson 1992), gives the background to former soldier, veteran of the Crimea and the Indian this undertaking. Mutiny, one-time flax farmer, Assistant Geologist in the Geological Survey (1871-1877), Professor of The first attempt to enumerate the fauna of New Natural Science at Otago University (1877-1880), Zealand was made in John Edward Cray's chapter and Curator of the Otago Museum, later Professor of "Fauna of New Zealand" in Dieffenbach's "Travels in Geology and Biology at Canterbury College (now the New Zealand" (1843). In his total he included only University of Canterbury) from 1880 to 1892, and three sponges. Gray probably had no doubt that he, subsequently Curator [i.e., Director] of the Canter­ and his colleagues at the British Museum who had bury Museum from 1893 until the time of his also contributed to the compilation of this chapter in death in 1905. Under the auspices of the Colonial "Dieffenbach", had a daunting challenge in attempt­ Museum and Geological Survey of New Zealand, he ing to collect and catalogue the fauna of a new catalogued the birds in 1871, the fishes (with James country, but they could scarcely have envisaged the Hector) in 1872, the Echinodermata in 1872, development of systematic zoology in New Zealand molluscs, brachiopods, bryozoans and tunicates in over the years which have followed; and the work of 1873 (with another edition in 1880), Tertiary description of New Zealand's biodiversity is far from molluscs, echinoderms, and brachiopods in 1873, complete. and several groups of insects (Diptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera) in 1881. The Crustacea were * formerly of N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, DSIR Marine catalogued in a similar fashion by Miers in 1876 and Freshwater, P.O. Box 14-901, Kilbirnie, Wellington. following Cray's tradition at the British Museum. Present address : Honorary Research Associate, Museum Details of these catalogues have been given by of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Yaldwyn (1982: 5-6). In addition, throughout the Wellington 5 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Transactions of the New Zealand Institute from the first also in elucidating the phylogeny and evolutionary volume of 1864 to Volume 38 issued in 1906, Hutton history of the Porifera. Only a selection of papers published lists and revisions of many groups of dealing with sponge chemistry has been included invertebrates ranging from insects and worms to here. Several of these papers mention sponges by brachiopods and bryozoans (see Royal Society of generic name only, without further locality data, N.Z., 1978: 65-68). which may be new records for New' Zealand. In other cases, new species are given (e.g., Poiner & However, it was not until 1904 that a compre­ Taylor, 1990 for an Australian sponge) without hensive list of the known species making up the indication as to the authorship and date or whether fauna of New Zealand appeared. This was the now­ the name has, in fact, been published elsewhere. classic "Index Faun� Novre Zealandi�", which, Such itinerant names have not been easy to evaluate although often attributed solely to Hutton (and, for inclusion or otherwise in the present Index. indeed, stated by one of his obituarists as his "mag­ num opus"), consisted of contributions from a num­ Particular attention should be paid, however, to ber of contemporary biologists. For instance, the the following useful summaries - Bergquist & section on Mollusca was by Suter, worms by Ben­ Hogg, 1969: 205-220 (amino acid patterns as a bio­ ham, rotifers by Hilgendorf, Porifera by Kirk, chemical approach to sponge classification); Har­ holothurians by Dendy, while Farquhar provided rison & Cowden, 1976 (aspects of sponge biology, the sections on other echinoderms and on the especially pp 1-14, introduction to discussion of Hydrozoa. The Crustacea