Energy Research and Development Division FINAL PROJECT REPORT Demonstrati ng Plug -in Electric Vehicles Smart Charging and Storage Supporting the Grid California Energy Commission Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor August 2018| CEC-500-2018-020 PREPARED BY: UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC) Primary Author: Rajit Gadh, Principal Investigator UCLA SMERC 420 Westwood Pl, 44-120 ENG IV Los Angeles, CA 90095 Phone: 310-265-4979 http://smartgrid.ucla.edu Contract Number: EPC-14-056 PREPARED FOR: California Energy Commission Steve Ghadiri Project Manager Fernando Pina Office Manager ENERGY SYSTEM RESEARCH OFFICE Laurie ten Hope Deputy Director ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION Drew Bohan Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC) would like to acknowledge the continuous technical, administrative and engineering support and kind contribution of equipment to this project from these partners: Applied System Engineering Inc. City of Santa Monica Microvast Power Solutions Inc. National Instruments EPC Power Cooperation UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC) also acknowledges the continuous suggestions and recommendations from the technical advisory committee members. i PREFACE The California Energy Commission’s Energy Research and Development Division supports energy research and development programs to spur innovation in energy efficiency, renewable energy and advanced clean generation, energy-related environmental protection, energy transmission and distribution and transportation. In 2012, the Electric Program Investment Charge (EPIC) was established by the California Public Utilities Commission to fund public investments in research to create and advance new energy solutions, foster regional innovation and bring ideas from the lab to the marketplace. The California Energy Commission and the state’s three largest investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas & Electric Company and Southern California Edison Company—were selected to administer the EPIC funds and advance novel technologies, tools, and strategies that provide benefits to their electric ratepayers. The Energy Commission is committed to ensuring public participation in its research and development programs that promote greater reliability, lower costs, and increase safety for the California electric ratepayer and include: • Providing societal benefits. • Reducing greenhouse gas emission in the electricity sector at the lowest possible cost. • Supporting California’s loading order to meet energy needs first with energy efficiency and demand response, next with renewable energy (distributed generation and utility scale), and finally with clean, conventional electricity supply. • Supporting low-emission vehicles and transportation. • Providing economic development. • Using ratepayer funds efficiently. Demonstrating Plug-in Electric Vehicles Smart Charging and Storage Supporting Grid is the final report for the Demonstration of PEV Smart Charging and Storage Supporting Grid Objectives project (Grant Number EPC-14-056) conducted by UCLA SMERC. The information from this project contributes to Energy Research and Development Division’s EPIC Program. For more information about the Energy Research and Development Division, please visit the Energy Commission’s website at www.energy.ca.gov/research/ or contact the Energy Commission at 916-327-1551. ii ABSTRACT This report presents the development and deployment of an electric vehicle (EV) charging system in Santa Monica, California, consisting of smart charging, vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to- building, demand response and power quality sustainable capabilities to achieve grid resiliency and economic benefit to EV fleet owners. The research team from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Smart Grid Energy Research Center used its wireless network communication system and bi-directional EV charge infrastructure technologies to demonstrate the grid needs such as peak shaving, load leveling, and renewable source smoothing. The team developed unique algorithms, software, and hardware, and integrated a battery energy storage system EV. As a project result, the UCLA Smart Grid Energy Research Center validated the viability of bi-directional electric vehicle infrastructure, air quality enhancement, and financial benefits from the system. Key Words: Plug-in Electric Vehicle, Microgrid, Battery Energy Storage System, Photovoltaic, Vehicle-to-Grid, Smart Charging, Demand Response. Please use the following citation for this report: Gadh, Rajit, 2018 Demonstrating Plug-in Electric Vehicles Smart Charging and Storage Supporting Grid. California Energy Commission. Publication Number: CEC-500-2018-020. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... i PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................. viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 1 Project Purpose .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Project Process ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Project Outcomes ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Benefits to California ................................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2: Project Objectives ............................................................................................................ 8 CHAPTER 3: Project Approach ............................................................................................................ 10 Software and Algorithm Development .................................................................................................. 10 User Friendly EV Fleet Charging Management Interface ................................................................ 10 Personalized EV Charging/Discharging Management .................................................................... 11 Modeling and Simulation .......................................................................................................................... 11 Grid-Scale Impacts, Opportunities and Predictions ........................................................................ 11 Scale Up Emulation of EV Use Cases to Benefit Fleet Owners in IOU Territories..................... 12 Developmental Testing in the UCLA Micro-Grid ................................................................................. 16 V2G and V2B Technologies Based on SAE J1772 and CHAdeMO Standards ............................ 16 API Deployment of V2G/V2B System Integrated into the Control Center ................................. 20 User Incentives for SC, V2G and V2B ................................................................................................. 21 Communication Network for EV Fleet ............................................................................................... 23 Integrating IEC 61850 Standard into Distributed Energy Resources System ............................ 23 IEC 61850 Modeling ............................................................................................................................... 24 iv IEC 61850 Integration ........................................................................................................................... 24 Demand Response Participation with Bi-Directional EV Fleet Infrastructures