SUPPORTING REPORT C Water Quality The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report in the Republic of Bulgaria Supporting Report C Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................. i List of Tables ................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. iii List of Annexes ............................................................................................................... iv C WATER QUALITY ........................................................................................... C-1 C.1 General ............................................................................................................... C-1 C.2 Current Conditions of Water Quality ................................................................. C-1 C.2.1 Existing Water Quality Monitoring Networks ...................................... C-1 C.2.2 Water Quality Conditions ..................................................................... C-3 C.3 Current Conditions of Water Quality ................................................................. C-7 C.3.1 Existing Urban and Municipal wastewater Treatment Plants ............... C-7 C.3.2 National Program for Constructing WWTPs ........................................ C-7 C.4 Water Quality Management Plan ....................................................................... C-8 C.4.1 Objectives of the Water Quality Management Plan .............................. C-8 C.4.2 Study Approach ..................................................................................... C-8 C.4.3 Methods of Estimating the Pollution Loads.......................................... C-9 C.4.4 Present Pollution Loads with Pollution Mechanism and Near Future Pollution Loads ................................................................................... C-13 C.4.5 Structural Measures of the Programme of Measures .......................... C-16 C.4.6 Non-Structural Measures of the Programme of Measures .................. C-21 JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. i Final Report The Study on Integrated Water Management Supporting Report C in the Republic of Bulgaria List of Tables Table C.2.1 Results of the Supplemental Water Quality Survey by JICA - Physico-chemical Parameters and Bacteria ........................................ C-29 Table C.2.2 Results of the Supplemental Water Quality Survey by JICA - Hydro-biological Survey with The Most Dominant Species .............. C-30 Table C.3.1 Existing Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Bulgaria ........... C-31 Table C.3.2 Status of the Construction of New WWTPs ....................................... C-33 Table C.4.1 Major Industries in EABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies ....................................................................... C-34 Table C.4.2 Major Industries in WABD: Directly Discharging Wastewater into the Rivers or Water Bodies ....................................................................... C-36 Table C.4.3 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in EABD ............ C-38 Table C.4.4 Major Livestock Farms with their Pollution Loads in WABD ........... C-40 Table C.4.5 Estimated Pollution Loads by NAM Catchments for EABD under the Present Condition ................................................................................ C-41 Table C.4.6 EABD Summary of Possible Reduction % of BOD Load from Towns/Settlements .............................................................................. C-43 Table C.4.7 WABD Summary of Possible Reduction % of BOD Load from Towns/Settlements .............................................................................. C-44 Table C.4.8 Estimated Quantity of Newly Treated Sewage and Reduction of Wastewater Loss for the High Priority Towns in EABD and WABD C-45 Table C.4.9 Estimated Construction Cost for the Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plants and Sewerage Improvements for the High Priority Towns in EABD and WABD .............................................................................. C-47 Table C.4.10 Estimated Operation and Maintenance Cost for the Proposed WWTPs and Sewer Improvements ..................................................... C-48 List of Figures Figure C.2.1 Location of Physico-Chemical Monitoring Station ........................... C-51 Figure C.2.2 Location of Biological Monitoring Station ......................................... C-52 Figure C.2.3 Normal Maximum Range of BOD5 ................................................... C-53 Figure C.2.4 Normal Maximum Range of COD ..................................................... C-54 Figure C.2.5 Normal Maximum Range of NH4-N .................................................. C-55 Figure C.2.6 Normal Maximum Range of NO3-N .................................................. C-56 Figure C.2.7 BOD 5 and COD in EABD ................................................................. C-57 Figure C.2.8 BOD5 and COD in WABD ................................................................. C-58 Figure C.2.9 Example of Trend Analysis for EABD ............................................... C-59 Figure C.2.10 Example of Trend Analysis for EABD ............................................... C-60 Figure C.2.11 Example of Trend Analysis for WABD .............................................. C-61 Figure C.2.12 Example of Trend Analysis for WABD .............................................. C-62 Figure C.2.13 Hydrobiological Water Quality ........................................................... C-63 Figure C.2.14 Location of Supplemental Water Quality Survey ............................... C-64 Figure C.2.15 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2000 .. C-65 Figure C.2.16 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2001 .. C-66 Figure C.2.17 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2002 .. C-67 Figure C.2.18 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2003 .. C-68 ii JICA CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. The Study on Integrated Water Management Final Report in the Republic of Bulgaria Supporting Report C Figure C.2.19 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2004 . C-69 Figure C.2.20 Water Quality Class of Maximum Values of Heavy Metals in 2005 . C-70 Figure C.2.21 Operative and Closed Mines in Bulgaria ........................................... C-71 Figure C.3.1 Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in the Republic of Bulgaria . C-72 Figure C.4.1 Study Flow on the Programme of Measures for Water Quality Management ....................................................................................... C-73 Figure C.4.2 Present BOD Load in EABD.............................................................. C-74 Figure C.4.3 Present BOD Load from Unit Area in EABD .................................... C-74 Figure C.4.4 Near Future BOD Load in EABD (with under-constructed and tendering WWTPs) ............................................................................. C-75 Figure C.4.5 Near Future BOD Load from Unit Area in EABD (with under-constructed and tendering WWTPs) ........................................ C-75 Figure C.4.6 Present TN Load in EABD ................................................................. C-76 Figure C.4.7 Near Future TN Load in EABD ......................................................... C-76 Figure C.4.8 Present TP Load in EABD.................................................................. C-77 Figure C.4.9 Near Future TP Load in EABD .......................................................... C-77 Figure C.4.10 Present BOD Loads in WABD .......................................................... C-78 Figure C.4.11 Present BOD Loads from Unit Area in WABD .................................. C-78 Figure C.4.12 Near Future BOD Loads in WABD with Under-constructed and Tendering WWTPs ............................................................................. C-79 Figure C.4.13 Near Future BOD Loads from Unit Area in WABD .......................... C-79 Figure C.4.14 Present TN Loads in WABD .............................................................. C-80 Figure C.4.15 Near Future TN Loads in WABD ....................................................... C-80 Figure C.4.16 Present TP Loads in WABD ............................................................... C-81 Figure C.4.17 Near Future TP Loads in WABD ........................................................ C-81 Figure C.4.18 EABD: Co-relation between Present Catchment BOD Load and River BOD Load ................................................................................ C-82 Figure C.4.19 WABD: Co-relation between Present Catchment BOD Load and River BOD Load ................................................................................ C-82 Figure C.4.20 Proposed High Priority Towns for Wastewater Treatment and Improvement of Sewerage Networks in EABD ................................. C-83 Figure C.4.21 Proposed High Priority Towns for Wastewater Treatment and Improvement of Sewerage Networks in EABD ................................. C-84 Figure C.4.22 Proposed High and Medium Priority Towns for Wastewater Treatment and Improvement of Sewerage Networks in EABD ......... C-85 Figure C.4.23 Proposed High and Medium Priority