Petroleum Geology of the State of Washington By Samuel Y. Johnson, Marilyn E. Tennyson, William S. Lingley, Jr. and Ben E. Law T OF EN TH TM E U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1582 R I A N P T E E D R . I O S . R U M 9 A 8 4 R C H 3, 1 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Petroleum geology of the State of Washington / by Samuel Y. Johnson. p. cm. — (U.S. Geoloigcal Survey professional paper ; 1582) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Petroleum—Geology—Washington. I. Johnson, Samuel Y. II. Series. TN782.W2P48 1998 553.2′8′09797—dc21 97–23966 CIP AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current-year issues of the monthly catalog “New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey.” Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publications re- leased prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual “Price and Availability List.” Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual “Price and Availability List” may no longer be available. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices listed below. 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U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center 4230 University Dr., Rm. 101 Anchorage, AK 99508–4664 SELECTED SERIES OF U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATIONS Periodicals Coal Investigations Maps are geologic maps on topographic or Earthquakes & Volcanoes (issued bimonthly). planimetric bases at various scales showing bedrock or surficial geology, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (issued monthly). stratigraphy, and structural relations in certain coal-resource areas. Oil and Gas Investigations Charts show stratigraphic informa- Technical Books and Reports tion for certain oil and gas fields and other areas having petroleum po- Professional Papers are mainly comprehensive scientific reports tential. of wide and lasting interest and importance to professional scientists and Miscellaneous Field Studies Maps are multicolor or black-and- engineers. Included are reports on the results of resource studies and of white maps on topographic or planimetric bases on quadrangle or irreg- topographic, hydrologic, and geologic investigations. They also include ular areas at various scales. Pre-1971 maps show bedrock geology in re- collections of related papers addressing different aspects of a single sci- lation to specific mining or mineral-deposit problems; post-1971 maps entific topic. are primarily black-and-white maps on various subjects such as environ- Bulletins contain significant data and interpretations that are of mental studies or wilderness mineral investigations. lasting scientific interest but are generally more limited in scope or geo- Hydrologic Investigations Atlases are multicolored or black-and- graphic coverage than Professional Papers. They include the results of white maps on topographic or planimetric bases presenting a wide range resource studies and of geologic and topographic investigations; as well of geohydrologic data of both regular and irregular areas; the principal as collections of short papers related to a specific topic. scale is 1:24,000, and regional studies are at 1:250,000 scale or smaller. Water-Supply Papers are comprehensive reports that present sig- nificant interpretive results of hydrologic investigations of wide interest Catalogs to professional geologists, hydrologists, and engineers. The series covers Permanent catalogs, as well as some others, giving comprehensive investigations in all phases of hydrology, including hydrology, availabil- listings of U.S. Geological Survey publications are available under the ity of water, quality of water, and use of water. conditions indicated below from USGS Map Distribution, Box 25286, Circulars present administrative information or important scientif- Building 810, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. (See latest ic information of wide popular interest in a format designed for distribu- Price and Availability List.) tion at no cost to the public. Information is usually of short-term interest. “Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961” may be pur- Water-Resources Investigations Reports are papers of an inter- chased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form and as a set pretive nature made available to the public outside the formal USGS microfiche. publications series. Copies are reproduced on request unlike formal “Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970” may be pur- USGS publications, and they are also available for public inspection at chased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form and as a set depositories indicated in USGS catalogs. of microfiche. Open-File Reports include unpublished manuscript reports, maps, “Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981” may be and other material that are made available for public consultation at de- purchased by mail and over the counter in paperback book form (two positories. They are a nonpermanent form of publication that may be cit- volumes, publications listing and index) and as a set of microfiche. ed in other publications as sources of information. Supplements for 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, and for subse- quent years since the last permanent catalog may be purchased by mail Maps and over the counter in paperback book form. Geologic Quadrangle Maps are multicolor geologic maps on to- State catalogs, “List of U.S. Geological Survey Geologic and Wa- pographic bases in 7 1/2- or 15-minute quadrangle formats (scales main- ter-Supply Reports and Maps For (State),” may be purchased by mail and ly 1:24,000 or 1:62,500) showing bedrock, surficial, or engineering over the counter in paperback booklet form only. geology. Maps generally include brief texts; some maps include struc- “Price and Availability List of U.S. Geological Survey Publica- ture and columnar sections only. tions,” issued annually, is available free of charge in paperback booklet Geophysical Investigations Maps are on topographic or planimet- form only. ric bases at various scales, they show results of surveys using geophysi- Selected copies of a monthly catalog “New Publications of the cal techniques, such as gravity, magnetic, seismic, or radioactivity, U.S. Geological Survey” is available free of charge by mail or may be which reflect subsurface structures that are of economic or geologic sig- obtained over the counter in paperback booklet form only. Those wish- nificance. Many maps include correlations with the geology. ing a free subscription to the monthly catalog “New Publications of the Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps are on planimetric or U.S. Geological Survey” should write to the U.S. Geological Survey, 582 topographic bases of regular and irregular areas at various scales; they National Center, Reston, VA 22092. present a wide variety of format and subject matter. The series also in- cludes 7 1/2-minute quadrangle photogeologic maps on planimetric Note.–Prices of Government publications listed in older catalogs,