44 THE .S:A.- ORNITHOLOGIST June, 1900 MOLLUSCA EATEN 'BY BIRDS By BERNARD C. COTTON, F.R.Z.S. Molluscs, listed here, have been found in PELECANIFORMES. stomach and crop contents of birds or are k b b Black Cormorant mown, y 0 servation, to be eaten by birds Phalacrooorax carbo ~n South Australia. Where specifically found Port River, 1934,. 27, 29, 49, 82. m the crop the record is so indicated. The shell contents are usually fragmentary. Cor- Pied Cormorant responding numbers against the specific Phalacrocorax uarius names. of molloscs .l~sted are used as a key, Port River, 1936. 27, 29, 41. following the specific names of the _birds. Australian Pelican TIle molluscs have been noted from various Pelecanus conspicillatus sources over many years. Among those Coorong-Tailem Bend, etc. 1, 2,. 5, 8, who provided material are the late Sir Joseph 10, 16. Attached to feathers, 2, 3, 4, 6. Verco, Dr. Morgan, J. Sutton, Edwin Ashby, LAR~FORMES. Prof. T. H. Johnson and A. M. Lea. Lea and Gray (6) provided an extensive. Crested Ter~ . list of general stomach contents, but not Sterna bergii specific identifications were mentioned" in"- .Encounter Bay, December, 1950. 91. connection with the shells. Silver Gull Lea also published a series of papers (1) Larus novaehollandiae (2) (4) (6), mentioning insects, seeds, ete., Semaphore. 23; 24:26, 27, '31,32; 33, from birds. 34, 36, 37, 38, "39. Silver Gull paddles Hie A few records of molluscs attached to birds' sand and picks up the small cockle 29 as it feathers, legs and feet are also noted. emerges from the sand. The paddling action . Most of the molluscs mentioned here are appears to be" a searching or feeling action. figured and briefly described in "South Aus- Cotton (9), p. 168. _ tralian Shells," published by the South Aus- Pacific Gull tralian Museum (10). Fuller information Larus pacificus is contained in the British Science.Guild books Reevesby Island. December, 1939. 62. on Mollusca by. the author ,PublIshed by the Picks up large Turban Shells and drops .them Government Printer, AdelaIde.' on large flat-topped rock, then swoops down RALLIFORMES. to eat the animal. Cotton (7), p. 169. Remains of the echinoderms Pkyllacanthus Spotted Crake 'kimberi Cotton, Adelcidaris tubaria Lamarck Porzana fluminea and Heliocidaris armigera Agassiz are also . Outer Harbour. May, 1937. 4,?, 7, 48, found on the rocks and taken as food. Robe, 81, 96. Seeds of Salt Bush. February, 1933. 59, 60, 61, also noted as Marsh Crake food of the Pacific Gull. Porzana pusilla CHARADRIIFORMES. Burnside, 1935. 6, 7, 97. Seeds. Dusky Moorhen Turnstone Gallinula tenebrosa Arenaria interpres Tailem Bend, December, 1940. 3, 6, 9. Yorke Peninsula, June, 1936. Marino, Sand, mud, seeds. Among feathers, 97. 1939. 29; 32, 39, 50, 67, 80, 82, 83, 84. Eastern Swamphen 85,90. Porphyrio melanotus Sooty Oyster-Catcher Tailem Bend, February, 1941. 4, 9, 10, Haematopus unicolor 1L Seeds, insects, vegetable matter. .Yorke Peninsula, December 1937, etc. 23, PROCELLARIFORMES. fragments juvenile oyster shell, 24, 39, :t9, White-faced Storm-petrel 50, 52,. 54, 70, 71, '73. Pelagodroma marina Spur-winged Plover Kangaroo Island, October, 1937. 29, 48. Lobibyx novaehollandiae Worm.like- objects.' _·;(Lea and Gray). Larval trematode Echinostoma: ignaoum. S:A~ 45 June, 1960, THE" 'ORNITHOLOGIST passes through 10, 13, 16. Tailem Bend. adult, Goolwa, October 9, 1958 (V. Wood) Grey Plover had mud, shell and sand grit in the stomach. Squatarola squatarola Blue-billed. Duck Robe, 1933. 27, 48, 52, 70, 96. Insects Oxyura australis and larvae, worms. Tailem Bend, March 1949. 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, Double-Banded Dotterel 11, 12, 13, 14. Insects, fish-bone. Charadrius bicinctus -Musk Duck Yorke Peninsula,'May. 90. Beetles and Biziura lobata sand, grit. Tailem Bend. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, n, Banded Stilt 14, 16, 19, 21. Attached to feathers, 2, 3, Cladorhynehus leueoeephalus 4, 6, 10 (young), 13, 16, 19, 21. Tailem Bend, February 1948. 3. Insects, sand, grit. PASSERIFOR1\1ES. Curlew-Sandpiper Grey Shrike-thrush Erolia acuminata Colluricincla harmonica Kangaroo Island, 1930. Wallaroo, 1952. Tailem Bend, 1951. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, Crop. 22, 24,46, 58, 87,96. Seeds, aquatic 19. Insects, spider. Port Lincoln. 15, insects, worms. 17, 18. ARDEIFORMES. Crested Bellbird Oreoieaguttaralis White-faced Heron Ardea novaehoUandiae Melrose. 97. Insects. Tailem Bend. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, White-plumed Honeyeater 13, 14, 16, 19. Attached to leg and foot Meliphaga penieillata web, 21. Belair, 1937. 97. Insects, shell grit. ANATIFORMES. Spotted Scrub-wren Black Swan Sericornis maculatus Cygnus atratus Kangaroo Island, 1930. Crop. 30, 87, 88, 89, 96. Insects (fragments). Crustacea Larval trematode Eehinostoma revolutum (fragments). Port Lincoln. 15, 17, 18, passes through 10, 13, 16. Tailem Bend. 26 (fragments). Mountain Duck Redthroat Casarca tadornoides Pyrrholaemus brunneus Larval trematode Eehinostoma reoolutum. Tailem Bend, 1937. 3, 4, 6, 9, 19, 21. • passes through 10, 13, 16. Tailem Bend. Insects. Little Grass-bird ANATIFORMES. Megalurus gramineus Grey (Black) Duck Robe, 1930. 97, 98 (fragments). Port Anas supereiliosa Pirie. 97. Tailem Bend. 1, 2, 10. Duck shot in Horsfield Bushlark flight had large specimen of 1 attached to Mirafra javanica toe and web. Cotton (5), p. 113. Attached Encounter Bay, 1930. 48, 81. to feathers, 2, 3, 4, 6. INTRODUCED. Grey Teal Blackbird Anas gibberifrons Turdus merula Tailem Bend, Murray Bridge, Mannum, 99, 100" 101. February 1952. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Insects, grit. One male Coorong, Woods Well, had four LIST OF MOLLUSCS EATEN small specimens of 2 gripped on web of foot. BY BIRDS (V. Wood.) FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA• . Blue-winged Shoveller Anas rhynchotis PELECYPODA Tailem Bend, 1950. 2, 3-, 4, 6. 1. Velesunio ambiguus Philippi 184-7. Pink-eared Duck 2. Corbiculina angasi Prime 1864. Malaeorhynehus membranaceus 3. Sphaerinova bursa Cotton 1953. Tailem Bend. 3, 4, 6, 9, 11. Small female 4. Australpera cara Cotton 1953,. 46 THE S.A. ORNITHOLOGIST' June, 1~60 GASTROPODA 43. Notohaliotis conicopora Peron, 1816. 5. Notopala hanleyi Frauenfeld 1864. 44. Marinauris roei Gray 1826. 6. Rioissessor pattisoni Cotton 1942. 45. Neohaliotis scalaris Leach. 18l4. 7. Tutea rufilabris A.···Adams 1862. 46•. Neohaliotis emmae Reeve 1846•. 8. Plotiopsis tetrica Conrad 1850. 47. Scutus anatinus Donovan 1820. 9. Coxiella coniusa Smith 1898. 48. Bankicia jasciat~ Menke 1830. 10. Peplimnea lessoni Deshayes 1830. 49. Austrocochlea zebra Menke 1829. 11. Simlimnea subaquatilis Tate 1880. 50. Fractarmilla rudis Gray 1826. 12. Lenameria subundata Sowerby 1873. 51. Fractarmilla concamerata Wood 1828. 13-. Lenameria tenuistriata Sowerby 1873.. 52. Austrocochlea torri..c. and G.' 1934. 14. Lenameria subacuta Cotton and Beasley 53. Chlorodiloma adelaidae Philippi 1849. 1941. 54. Chlorodiloma odontis Wood 1828. 15. Lenameria lincolnensis Clessin 1886. 55. Granata imbricata Lamarck 1816. 16. Glyptamoda aliciae Reeve 1862. 56. Stomatella auricula Lamarck 1818. 17. Isidorella subinflata Sowerby 1874. 57. Austroliotia australis Kiener 1839. 18. Isidorella rubida Tate 1882. 58. Lissotesta contabulata Tate 1899. ' 19. Pygmanisus parvusCotton 1943. 59. Subninella utululata Solander 1786.. 20. Segtiidla oictoriae 'Smith 1882. 60. Ninella torquata Gmelin 1788. 21. Pettancylus. aust:al~cus Tate 1880. 61. Euninella gruneri Philippi 1846,. 62. Dinassouica jordani Kiener 1839. MARINE MOLLUSCA.. 63. Bellastraea squamijera Koch 1844. 64. Micrastraea aurea Jonas 1844. PELECYPODA. 65. Micrastraea rutidoloma Tate 1893. 22. Austronucula micatis Angas 1878. 66. Phasianella australis Gmelin 1788. 23. Ostrea sinuata Lamarck 1819. 67. Mimelenchus uentricosa Swainson 1822. 24. Brachyodontes erosus Lamarck 1819. 68. Orthomesus angasi Crosse 1864. 25. Lepton trigonale Tate 1879. 69. Pella» johnstoni Cotton 1945. 26. Diaphoramactra versicolor Tate 1886. 70. Melanerita melanotragus Smith 1884. 27. Anapella adelaidae Angas 1865. 71. Patellanax squamijera Reeve 1885. 28. Austromactra rujescens Lamarck 1818. 72., Patellanax peroni Blainville 1825. 29. Amphidesma angusta Reeve 1854. 73. Cellana ariel Iredale 1924. 30. Katebysia scalarina Lamarck 1818. 74. Cellana rubraurantiaca Blainville 1825. 31. Tellina albinella Lamarck 1818. 75. Patelloida alticostata Angas 1865. 186~.· CEPHALOPODA 76.' Collisellina latistrigata Angas 77. Notoacmea septijormis Quay and Gai- 32. Mesembrisepia nouaehollandiae Hoyle mard 1834. 1909. 78. Notoacmea scabrilirata Angas 1865. 33. Amplisepia apama Gray 1-849. 79. Melarhaphe unijasciata Grey 1826. Cuttlebones and flesh of Cuttlefish 80. Bembicium melanostoma Gmelin 1791. eaten by various sea-birds. 81. Hydrococcus granijormis Thiele 1928. 34,. Sepioteuthis australis Quay and Gai­ 82. N otosetia muratensis Cotton 1944. mard 1832. 83. Laseronia oincentiana Cotton 1952. Flesh of Squids eaten by various 84. Assiminea tasmanica Tenison Woods sea-birds. 1876. 35. Octopus jlindersiCotton 1932. 85. Truncatella uinceruiana Cotton 1942. 36. Octopus pallidus Hoyle 1885. 86. Batillariella estuarina Tate 1893. 37. Octopus australis Hoyle 1885. 87. Diala lauta A. Adams 1862. Flesh of Octopus eaten by.various 88. Semibittium granarium. Kiener 1842. sea-birds. 89. Eubittium lawleyanum Crosse 1863. 38. Argonauta nodosa Solander 1786. 90. Conuber conicuni Lamarck 1822. CREPIPODA . 91. Ectosituini zonale Quay and Gaimard 39. Poneroplax albida Blainville 1825. 1833. 92. Zemitrella lincolnensis Reeve 1859. GASTROPODA 93. Parcanassa pauperata Lamarck 1822. 40. Schismotis laeoigata Donovan