Kiribati Diagnostic Trade Integration Study 2010 Report Text Copyright © Integrated Framework Partnership 2010. All rights reserved. Design Copyright © Blue Planet Media + Communications Vanuatu 2011. All rights reserved. USP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Kiribati diagnostic trade integration study, 2010 report / [Daniel Gay, editor]. – Suva, Fiji : UNDP Multi Country Office, 2011. 208 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. ISBN 978-982-304-035-6 1. Kiribati—Commerce 2. Kiribati—Economic conditions 3. Economic development— Kiribati 4. Kiribati—Economic policy I. Gay, Daniel II. UNDP Multi Country Office (Fiji). HF4032.3.Z5 K57 2011 380.099681 Edited, designed and produced by Blue Planet Media + Communications Vanuatu. Email: [email protected] Table of contents Table of contents..........................................................................................................................................1 List of acronyms...........................................................................................................................................4 Foreword..........................................................................................................................................................7 Executive summary....................................................................................................................................9 Recommendations................................................................................................................................... 13 DTIS Action Matrix................................................................................................................................ 23 SECTION I. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES Chapter 1: Macroeconomic environment 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 27 1.2 Background........................................................................................................................... 27 1.3 Composition of the economy...................................................................................... 28 1.4 Economic growth and inflation ................................................................................ 29 1.5 Comparative economic performance..................................................................... 31 1.6 Balance of payments......................................................................................................... 32 1.7 Trade performance............................................................................................................ 33 1.8 Macroeconomic policy................................................................................................... 36 1.9 Conclusions........................................................................................................................... 40 Chapter 2: Business and investment 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 42 2.2 Context.................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3 Investment policy regime.............................................................................................. 45 2.4 Banking and finance—access to credit................................................................... 48 2.5 Institutional framework for enterprise support............................................... 50 2.6 Feasibility of donor funding for small-scale manufacture......................... 51 2.7 Training and human resource development....................................................... 51 2.8 Legislation for enterprise support............................................................................ 52 2.9 Other enterprise support/development issues.................................................. 54 2.10 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 57 Kiribati Diagnostic Trade Integration Study Report 2010 1 Table of contents Chapter 3: Trade policy 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 58 3.2 Trade policy architecture............................................................................................... 58 3.3 Trade policy reform.......................................................................................................... 63 3.4 Legislation.............................................................................................................................. 65 3.5 Labour mobility.................................................................................................................. 67 3.6 Trade agreements and negotiations......................................................................... 70 3.7 Conclusions........................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 4: Trade facilitation 4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 78 4.2 Background........................................................................................................................... 78 4.3 Trade facilitation environment.................................................................................. 79 4.4 Roles and responsibilities in trade facilitation.................................................. 82 4.5 Ports, stevedoring and storage................................................................................... 87 4.6 Transport................................................................................................................................ 88 4.7 Technical standards and conformance.................................................................. 91 4.8 Regional co-operation..................................................................................................... 92 4.9 Conclusions........................................................................................................................... 94 Chapter 5: Human development and environment 5.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 96 5.2 Human development index.......................................................................................... 96 5.3 Poverty and inequality.................................................................................................... 97 5.4 Health, water and sanitation......................................................................................101 5.5 Climate change..................................................................................................................103 5.6 Energy....................................................................................................................................105 5.7 Education.............................................................................................................................109 5.8 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................110 SECTION II. SECTORAL STUDIES Chapter 6: Tourism 6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................112 6.2 Tourism industry characteristics............................................................................112 6.3 Key stakeholders...............................................................................................................121 6.4 Competitive positioning..............................................................................................123 6.5 Tourism strategy and policy......................................................................................124 6.6 Enhancing yield and sustainability........................................................................129 6.7 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................142 Chapter 7: Fisheries 7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................144 7.2 Background.........................................................................................................................144 7.3 Revenue from the tuna industry and licensing...............................................146 7.4 Institutional arrangements: tuna development and management.......151 7.5 Coastal fisheries................................................................................................................154 7.6 Aquaculture.........................................................................................................................160 7.7 Institutional arrangements for coastal fisheries management...............164 2 Kiribati Diagnostic Trade Integration Study Report 2010 Table of contents 7.8 Inshore domestic fisheries management............................................................166 7.9 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................168 Chapter 8: Agriculture 8.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................169