Research Collection Conference Poster Urban Oman Exhibition Panel 9 - Road Network Author(s): Richthofen, Aurel von; Nebel, Sonja; Eaton, Anne Publication Date: 2014 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010821881 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library U Settlement Road-Network O R Patterns M B A A N N ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ: ﺍﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ: ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻐﻄﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺿﻰ ﺗﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻭ ﻳﺒﻄﻰء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ. ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ 600 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻼ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ " ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺒﺬﺓ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻻﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﺣﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻰ. ﺇﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺿﻰ " ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺳﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ . ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻁﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﻭﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻛﻞ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ 20 ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ . ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻀﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺿﻮﺍﺣﻰ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻢ .ﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﺮﻕ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ. ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ (ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ) ، ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ 31.5% ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ . ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺍﺿﻲ، ﻻ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﻮﺽ.ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ %13.4ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ 44.9% ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ . ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ. ﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﻤﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﺮﻣﻰ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ.ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ .A clear priority is given to car-based mobility HIERARCHY OF STREETS Highways form barriers that divide residential ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ: ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ . quarters. Pedestrians need special bridges or R The settlement pattern is marked by a strict hi- ﻭﺑﻌﺮﺽ 45 ﻣﺘﺮ، ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ. ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ subways to cross larger roads safely. With the erarchy of streets. Six lane highways of 45 m ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﺘﺮ،ﻭﺗﺘﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺻﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ lack of side-walks pedestrian circulation is also width lead into primary roads with four lanes and . 35 dangerous on primary and secondary roads in ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ 25 ﻣﺘﺮ،ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺗﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ m width. These lead to secondary double 35 the residential quarters. The lack of shaded out- ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ. ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻰ -O lane roads of 25 m width that penetrate the set side spaces make walking uncomfortable and tlement and finally tertiary dead-end roads. ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻬﺎ .ﺍﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭ.ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ (ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ -Fanja unfavorable in the heat. Other forms of soft mo Street width corresponds to cruising speed. Ex- Rural hierarchy ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ. ﻭﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ) ﻻ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ -bility like biking are discouraged by this road its and intersections are spaced accordingly. ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺍﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺣﻰ ﺳﻜﻨﻰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ .system design as well A The street network is planned without consider- . 100 ﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ation of the residential planning. Primary roads wadi . / ﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﻨﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻰ primary road running around residential quarters can accom- secondary road . / 70 ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺇﻫﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻰ modate cruising speeds of more than 100 km/h. local road Even the secondary roads with generous space village ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ، ﻭﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ D village’s assembly point for 2 lanes and curbside allow 70 km/h. In most ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ 16.3% ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ,cases the road network is over-dimensioned ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ. encouraging even more traffic and using vast amounts of space. On the scale of the neighbor- hood the circulation space amounts to 16.3 % of ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻐﻄﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ total area. On the level of the city the figure is even higher including the highways. ﻭ ﻳﺒﻄﻰء ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ. ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺮ N ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ "ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ -This system is engineered to cover larger dis ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ" ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺒﺬﺓ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻻﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ tances with higher speeds and to slow down ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ . ﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﻖ ﻓﻰ -traffic within the residential zones. Through traf fic is discouraged and residential zones often ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻁﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ.ﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ E have only one entrance road. The logic of un-ob- ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻀﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ structed fast traffic on the larger roads requires ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻁﺮﻕ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻣﺎ -a parallel network of service roads. The distanc ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﻨﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ T es and the travel time increase as commuters ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮ. ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ have to bifurcate from major roads into ever Fanja smaller roads. Bottle-necks emerge inevitably at Rural hierarchy ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺍﺿﻲ، ﻻ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻂ various stages of the commute. Traveling across ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ. W the city becomes a necessity as the separation of functions described in the zoning law discour- wadi primary road ages people to work and live at the same place. secondary road local road village M ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ O village’s assembly point ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ. ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ .Road hierarchy in the rural town of Fanja.Without scale ﺍﻻﺣﻴﺎء ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ. ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻘﻞ O ﻓﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ. ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺻﻔﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻈﻠﻠﺔ R ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻰ secondary B ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺭ.ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ (ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ road ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ) ﻻ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ K ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺟﺎﺕ. New streets are lacking shading elements, side-walks and bike lanes- they are only based on mobility by car. I local road byway primary road street L HIGHWAY PRIMARY ROADS I The highway network cuts deep into the natural landscape. SECONDARY ROADS LOCAL ROADS BYWAY STREETS T Figure 7: Access and circulation in Al-Khoud Road hierarchy in Al Khoud.Without scale. Y LEGEND: The car-based mobility determines the width of new streets and thereby the quality of public space in between. Mountains LLegend:egend: LEGEND: AAdmininstrativedmininstrative bobordersrders Mountains Mountains Urban Fabric 2013 LLegend:egend: Mountains Suwadi AAdmininstrativedmininstrative bobordersrders PPlace lace Names MMountainsountains Urban Fabric 2013 Suwadi Alwa Suwadi PPlacelace Names DDedicatededicated / RRestrictedestricted ZZonesones DDedicatededicated / RRestrictedestricted ZZonesones Place names 2013 Muraysi Suwadi Alwa Airport Impact (WeidleplanPlace names 1990) 2013 Maghsil Maghsil Muraysi Airport Impact (Weidleplan 1990) Hifri Abu Nukhayl Hifri Abu Nukhayl Murayjat Manunah UUrbanrban FFabricabric 2013 Murayjat Manunah Barka Haradi UUrbanrban FFabricabric 2013 Main roads 1990 / 2013 Barka Haradi Uqdah RRoadoad NeNetworktwork 20131990 Billah IRoadnsular Network Pockets 2013 of Development Uqdah Ar Rumaidh RRoadoad NeNetworktwork 20131990 Main roads 1990 / 2013 Billah AS SEEB Dedicated/Restricted Zones Ar Rumaidh IRoadnsular Network Pockets 2013 of Development Samhan AS SEEB Al Hail Case Studies Darsait MUTRAH Dedicated/Restricted Zones Mawalih Al Ma’balla Muscat Administrative Borders Ruwi Sidab Samhan Halban Al Hail Darsait Case Studies Qantab MUTRAH Al Khoudh Mawalih Wadi Kabir Yiti Muscat Al Ma’balla Rusayl Bowhser Administrative Borders Al Ajalsheria Al Ansab Al Amarat Sidab Ruwi Bandar Kayran Al Hibra Tawasir Halban Murayrat Hammam Mansur Khubrah Fanja As Sukhnah Qantab Muslimat Al Khoudh Wahlah Wadi Mayh As Sifa Thumayd Wadi Kabir Nakhl Bidbid Al Hajar Tawiyah Yiti Alayah Rusayl Multaqa Bowhser Al Ajalsheria Firjat Al Ansab Al Amarat Qaylah Faud Luzugh Mughrbah Bandar Kayran Al Hibra Tawasir Murayrat Hammam Mansur Khubrah Fanja As Sukhnah Muslimat Wahlah Wadi Mayh As Sifa Thumayd Nakhl Bidbid Al Hajar Tawiyah Alayah Multaqa Firjat Qaylah Faud Luzugh Mughrbah Case-study areas and road hierarchy in Greater Muscat, 2013. RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS: The Research Council German University of Technology in Oman Sultan Qaboos University (C) UrbanOman.org 2014.