Opuscula Philolichenum, 7: 121-186. 2009. Lichenicolous fungi and lichens from the Holarctic. Part II. 1 MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO ABSTRACT. – A total of 141 species of lichenicolous fungi, 12 lichenicolous lichens, and 94 biogeograph- ically interesting non-lichenicolous lichens, mainly from the Russian Arctic, are reported and many are discussed. Corticifraga fusispora sp. nov. (on Peltigera), Odontotrema japewiae sp. nov. (on Japewia), and Opegrapha pulv- inata var. placidiicola var. nov. (on Placidium) are described from Russia. Dactylospora rinodinicola is reduced to synonymy with D. deminuta. New to North America: Didymellopsis latitans, Epilichen glauconigellus, Polycoccum bryonthae, Psora elenkinii, Stigmidium solorinarium, and Unguiculariopsis refractiva. New to Asia and Russia: Adelococcus alpestris, Arrhenia peltigerina, Arthrorhaphis olivacea, Buellia lecanoricola, Epibryon solorinae, Hobsoniopsis santessonii, Lecidea polytrichinella, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. elegantis, Muellerella atricola, Odontotrema cuculare, Opegrapha geographicola, Phaeoseptoria peltigerae, Phoma denigricans, P. physciicola, Polydesmia lichenis, Pronectria walkerorum, Rhagadostoma brevisporum, Roselliniella pannariae, Sclerococcum montagnei, Scutula dedicata, Tremella christiansenii, Trichosphaeria lichenum, Unguiculariopsis thallophila, Weddellomyces protearius, Zwackhiomyces immersae, and Z. physciicola. New to Asia, but not Russia: Capronia peltigerae, Dacampia rufescentis, Lasiosphaeriopsis salisburyi, Lichenochora weillii, Pronectria minuta, P. tibellii, Reconditella physconiarum, Skyttea tephromelarum, Stigmidium mitchellii, and Xenonectriella ornamentata. New to Russia, but not Asia: Chaenothecopsis parasitaster, Polycoccum crassum, Rhymbocarpus geographici, Stigmidium psorae, S. squamariae, Vouauxiomyces santessonii, and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus. New to Kyrgyzstan: Stigmidium solorinarium. New to Mongolia: Cercidospora verrucosaria. New to the Arctic: Aspicilia transbaicalica, Dactylospora homoclinella, Didymellopsis latitans, Epibryon solorinae, Hobsoniopsis santessonii, Lasiosphaeriopsis salisburyi, Lecanora baicalensis, Lichenochora coppinsii, L. elegantis, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Lichenostigma elongatum, Lobaria epovae, Muellerella atricola, Opegrapha geographicola, O. pulvinata, Phaeoseptoria peltigerae, Phoma denigricans, P. peltigerae, P. physciicola, Polycoccum crassum, Polydesmia lichenis, Psora elenkinii, Reconditella physconiarum, Rhymbocarpus geographici, Roselliniella pannariae, Sclerococcum montagnei, Scutula dedicata, S. epiblastematica, Skyttea tephromelarum, Stigmidium squamariae, Tremella christiansenii, Trichosphaeria lichenum, Unguiculariopsis thallophila, Weddellomyces protearius, Xenonectriella lutescens, Zwackhiomyces immersae, and Z. physciicola. New to the American Arctic: Arthonia glebosa, Caloplaca epithallina, Polycoccum bryonthae, Psorula rufonigra, Scutula tuberculosa, Stigmidium solorinarium, S. tabacinae, and Unguiculariopsis refractiva. New to Greenland: Taeniolella diederichiana. New to Svalbard: Graphium aphthosae, Llimoniella groenlandiae, and Polycoccum bryonthae. New to the Russian Arctic: Caloplaca tominii, Dactylospora homoclinella, Glypholecia scabra, Lecanora argentea, L. cavicola, Neolamya peltigerae, Phaeospora peltigericola, Polycoccum pulvinatum, Psora vallesiaca, Rhagadostoma brevisporum, Rimularia insularis, Squamarina lentigera, Stigmidium mitchellii, Tetramelas phaeophysciae, Xenonectriella ornamentata, and Zwackhiomyces coepulonus. Twenty species of lichenicolous fungi or lichens are reported on new host genera, and 35 species on new host species. INTRODUCTION This paper continues the publication of records of lichenicolous fungi and lichens from the Holarctic that began in this journal earlier this year (Zhurbenko 2009a). It is mainly intended to fill gaps in the Panarctic catalogue of lichens and lichenicolous fungi (Kristinsson et al. 2009), as well as to formally publish the distribution data of some species included in Kristinsson et al. (2009) or Zhurbenko (1996) on the the basis of the author’s unpublished records. Pertinent comments on the systematics, geography and/or ecology of the treated taxa are provided. Three lichenicolous taxa are also described as new to science. 1 MIKHAIL P. ZHURBENKO – Lab. of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov 2, St.-Petersburg, 197376, Russia. – e–mail: [email protected] 121 MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is mostly based on about 630 specimens collected by the author during his field work in the Arctic and some other regions from 1983 to 2009. Additional finds occurred in unidentified lichen material from about 40 collectors (see acknowledgements) donated to the author. Lichenicolous fungi were specifically searched for in the Arctic lichen collections of the following hosts: Acarospora, Baeomyces, Evernia, Fulgensia, Fuscopannaria, Lecanora, Melanelia, Peltigera, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Physconia, Protopannaria, Psoroma, Ramalina, Rhizocarpon, Rinodina, Solorina, Tephromela, and Xanthoria. The material was examined and photographed using Zeiss microscopes Stemi 2000-CS and Axio Imager A1 equipped with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. Microscopical examination was done in water, 10% KOH (K), Lugol’s iodine, directly (I) or after a KOH pre-treatment (K/I) or Brilliant Cresyl blue (BCr) solutions. The length, breadth and length/breadth ratio (l/b) of asci and ascospores are given as: (min–){ X -SD}–{ X +SD}(–max), where min and max are the extreme values, X the arithmetic mean, and SD the corresponding standard deviation. Microscopical measurements were made in water, unless otherwise indicated. Sizes of asci were rounded to the nearest 1 μm, those of ascospores to the nearest 0.5 μm. Terms for simple plane shapes mostly follow Stearn (1992: 539), for color Colour Identification Chart (1969) or Petersen (1996). Authors of host lichens match Index Fungorum (2009) and are omitted. Classification and nomenclature of taxa above the generic level follow Lumbsch & Huhndorf (2007). Novelty and rarity of the treated taxa in the Arctic was mostly derived from Kristinsson et al. (2009), that of lichenicolous fungi in Russia from Zhurbenko (2007b, 2009a). Collections of lichenicolous fungi and lichens examined during this study are preserved in LE-Fungi and the numbers following each citation refer to the herbarium numbers of that institution. A few duplicates have been deposited in M and hb. Diederich. Lichen specimens are deposited in ALA, F, FR, H, GZU, KPABG, LE-Lichens, M, UPS and herb. Zhurbenko. CATALOGUE Abbreviations: ap. – apothecia, hb. MZ – herb. Zhurbenko; Is. – Island(s), Mt(s). – Mountain(s), MZ – M. Zhurbenko, Pen. – Peninsula, th. – thallus. I. – LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI 1. Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold NOTE. – Pathogenicity not observed. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. All specimens from stony dwarf shrub tundra on thalli of Parmelia omphalodes ssp. glacialis. – RUSSIA. TAIMYR PEN.: Dikson Is., 73°30’N, 80°20’E, alt. 30 m, 7.vii.1990, MZ 90788 (LE 260293); Eniseyskii Gulf coast, Ragozinka River mouth, 72°48’N, 80°53’E, alt. 20–30 m, 12.vii.1990, MZ 90805 (LE 260113); 14.vii.1990, MZ 90796 (LE 260263); Byrranga Mts., Bol’shaya Bootankaga River, 74º20’N, 98º05’E, alt. 200–300 m, 8.vii.1991, V. Kuvaev (LE 260252); 10.vii.1991, V. Kuvaev (LE 260242). 2. Adelococcus alpestris (Zopf) Theiss. & Syd. NOTES. – Pathogenicity not observed. New to Russia and Asia. Acarospora putoranica is a new host species. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. – RUSSIA. TAIMYR PEN.: Byrranga Mts., Zamknutaya River, 74°37’N, 98°33’E, alt. 150 m, rocks in tundra, on Acarospora putoranica (th.), 6.viii.1995, MZ 95515 (LE 260024). 3. Arrhenia peltigerina (Peck) Redhead et al. NOTE. – New to Russia and Asia. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. – RUSSIA. SAYAN MTS.: 3 km N of Okinskoe Lake, 51º55’N, 100º40’E, alt. 2000 m, Betula fruticosa–Rhododendron parviflora–Dryas–graminoid–moss tundra with sparse Larix trees, on lobes of Peltigera sp. near a stream, 15.vi.2005, MZ 05297 (LE 261673). 122 4. Arthonia epiphyscia Nyl. NOTES. – Infected host’s hymenium destroyed, thalli often somewhat bleached. New to Murmansk Region of Russia. Rinodina is a new host genus. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. – CANADA. NUNAVUT: Cornwallis Is., Resolute Bay, 74°42’N, 94°56’W, Salix arctica- Saxifraga oppositifolia-moss tundra, on Rinodina roscida (ap.: hymenium, margins), 6.viii.1999, N. Matveeva (LE 260021). RUSSIA. MURMANSK REGION: Barents Sea coast, Olenka River mouth, 69°02’N, 36°25’E, alt. 50 m, rocks in tundra, on Physcia dubia (th.), 6.ix.1997, MZ 97358 (LE 233331). POLAR URAL: Rai-Iz Mt., 66º57’N, 65º39’E, alt. 250 m, boulder in sparse Larix forest, on P. caesia (lobes, soralia), 27.vi.1993, MZ 93151 (LE 260281). CHUKOTKA: Vesnovannaya River, 65°20’N, 174°26’E, stony dwarf shrub tundra, on P. cf. dubia (th.), 14.viii.1980, I. Makarova (LE 233518); Ioni Lake, Yanraponta Mt., 65°53’N, 173°44’W, boulder in tundra, on P. caesia (th.), 7.vii.1977, I. Makarova (LE 233698:a) [indentification somewhat uncertain]. 5. Arthonia fuscopurpurea (Tul.) R. Sant. NOTES. – Sometimes growing on decaying host lobes, otherwise pathogenicity not observed. New to Severnaya Zemlya, Taimyr Pen. and Yakutiya. Peltigera occidentalis is a new host species. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. All specimens on Peltigera spp. – RUSSIA. SEVERNAYA ZEMLYA: Bol’shevik Is., between Shokal’skogo Strait and Mikoyana Bay, 79°17’N, 101°50’E, alt. 40 m, arctic desert, very abundant on local population