Japan Energy Conservation Handbook 2011 The Energy Conservation Center, Japan CONTENTS 1. ENERGY SITUATION................................................................................1 1.1 World Energy Situation ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Japan’s Energy Situation............................................................................................... 1 2. ENERGY CONSERVATION POLICIES AND LAWS IN JAPAN..........4 2.1 Outline of Energy Conservation Policies...................................................................... 4 (1) Brief history of energy conservation policies in Japan (2) Promotion of energy conservation measures 2.2 Basic Energy Plan........................................................................................................... 5 (1) Industrial sector (2) Residential sector (3) Business sector (4) Transportation sector (5) Cross-cutting measures 2.3 National Strategies and Plans........................................................................................ 6 (1) New National Energy Strategy (2) Energy Conservation Frontrunner Plan (3) Energy Conservation Technology Strategy 2.4 Law Concerning the Rational Use of Energy............................................................... 8 (1) Objective (2) Energy defined by the law (3) Basic policies and obligations of energy users (4) Measures for factories etc. (5) Measures for buildings (6) Measures for equipment (7) Measures for transportation (8) Amendment of the law concerning the rational use of energy 2.5 Financial Supporting Measures .................................................................................. 21 (1) Loan program with special interest rate (FY 2010) (2) Tax incentives program (FY 2011) 2.6 Awarding Programs toward Energy Conservation Efforts...................................... 24 (1) Awarding of Excellent Energy Conservation activities (Energy Conservation Grand Prize) (2) Awarding for suppliers of Excellent Energy Conservation Equipment 2.7 Publicity Activities........................................................................................................ 25 2.8 Energy Audit Program by ECCJ ................................................................................ 25 (1) Energy audit for factories i (2) Energy audit for commercial buildings 3. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS................................................26 3.1 Climate Change and Energy Consumption ............................................................... 26 (1) Transition of deviation of global average near-surface temperature (only at the ground level) (2) Global energy balance (Index incident solar rays = 100) (3) Transition of atmospheric CO2 concentration and CO2 emission from fossil fuel (4) CO2 emissions by country (2008) (5) Per-capita CO2 emissions (2008) 3.2 International Efforts to Counter Global Warming ................................................... 29 (1) IPCC: accumulation of scientific knowledge (2) UNFCCC: study of international countermeasures (3) IPCC report on global warming (4) Influences of greenhouse-gases on global warming (1850-1990) (5) History of COPs of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (6) Background and main points of COP 17 & COP/CMP 7 3.3 Kyoto Protocol Coming into Effect............................................................................. 32 3.4 G8 Summit .................................................................................................................... 34 (1) Outline of Gleneagles Summit (2) Outline of Hokkaido Toyako Summit (3) Outline of Deauville Summit 3.5 Energy Conservation Activities of the Foreign Countries ........................................ 36 3.6 Japan’s Policies to Deal with Global Warming.......................................................... 38 (1) Guideline for measures to prevent global warming (2) Kyoto protocol target achievement plan (3) Reinforcement of energy conservation measures in each sector 4. ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES BY SECTOR......................41 4.1 Industrial Sector ........................................................................................................... 41 (1) Energy situation for the industrial sector (2) Energy conservation policies and measures for the industrial sector (3) Outline of the Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment (Target and Measures of Major Organizations) (4) Overall factory inspection based on the energy conservation law (5) Dissemination and promotion of energy conservation technology (6) Energy conservation by coordination among factories and workplaces (7) Dissemination of high-efficiency industrial furnaces and high-efficiency boilers (8) Dissemination of cogeneration and fuel cells (9) Important check points concerning technical energy conservation measures (10) Challenges in typical energy conservation technology development ii 4.2 Equipment..................................................................................................................... 56 (1) Energy situation for equipment (2) Energy conservation policies and measures for equipment - Top Runner Program (3) Dissemination and outreach measures for equipment 4.3 Commercial/Residential Sector................................................................................... 64 (1) Energy situation for the commercial/residential sector (2) Energy conservation policies and measures for the residential sector (3) Energy conservation policies and measures for the commercial sector (4) Promotion of commercial building energy management system (BEMS) (5) Promotion of ESCO business 4.4 Transportation Sector .................................................................................................. 73 (1) Energy situation for the transportation sector (2) Energy conservation policies and measures for the transportation sector APPENDIX 1. ENERGY DATA ..........................................................................................77 1.1 World Energy Data....................................................................................................... 77 (1) Energy resource reserves (2) Primary energy consumption by energy resource (3) Primary energy consumption by region (4) Trend of primary energy consumption (5) Energy supply in major countries (6) Energy consumption in major countries 1.2 Domestic Energy Data.................................................................................................. 84 (1) Demand of energy sources and GDP (2) Outlook of energy consumption and supply 1.3 Domestic Sectoral Energy Data................................................................................... 87 (1) Industrial sector (2) Residential sector (3) Commercial sector (4) Transportation sector 2. STANDARDS OF JUDGMENT ................................................................98 2.1 Standards of Judgment for Factories etc. on Rational Use of Energy..................... 98 (1) Table : Standards and Target Values for Operating Equipment in Factories etc. 2.2 Standards of Judgment for Buildings on Rational Use of Energy ........................ 123 (1) Prevention of heat loss through external walls, windows, etc. of the buildings iii (2) Efficient use of energy by air conditioning equipment (3) Efficient use of energy by mechanical ventilation equipment other than air conditioning equipment (4) Efficient use of energy by lighting fixtures (5) Efficient use of energy by hot water supply equipment (6) Efficient use of energy by vertical transportation 3. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION....................................................132 3.1 Outline of Asia Energy Conservation Program....................................................... 132 (1) Significance of energy conservation cooperation (2) Future direction of energy conservation cooperation (3) Cooperation to individual country in energy conservation field 3.2 East Asia Summit (EAS) ............................................................................................ 135 (1) Overview (2) Past achievement (energy, environment etc. related issues only) 3.3 International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) .............. 137 (1) Purpose and overview (2) Activities (3) Energy Management Action Network (EMAK) REFERENCE 1. RELATED ORGANIZATIONS...............................................................139 1.1 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) ................................................ 139 1.2 The Energy Conservation Center, Japan (ECCJ) ................................................... 141 1.3 The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) ... ..................................................................................................................................... 142 1.4 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ................................................... 143 1.5 The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ).................................................. 144 2. ENERGY CALORIES (JAPAN) .............................................................145 iv 1. ENERGY SITUATION 1.1 World Energy Situation The world energy demand in 2030 is expected to continue to be in an increasing trend. As shown in the below figure, the energy demands especially in China, India and other Asian countries are expected to largely increase. For further world energy data, refer to the Appendix 1.1. Increase of world energy demand 24,000 2030/2009 (22,004)