Prof. S. L. Dhingra Transportation Systems Engineering Civil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India July 19-20, 2010 Zürich, Switzerland Contents Introduction of Transportation Infrastructure Projects Rail y Dedicated Freight Corridor y Delhi Metro y Mumbai Metro y Mumbai Monorail y Chennai MRTS Road y National Highway Development Project Summary & Conclusion Infrastructure as Key to Economic Development Of Late (about 10 years back) GoI realized that the development of Infrastructure--- will lead to Economic Development--- but there were many Uncertainty Issues Transport Infrastructure Projects Government plans US $50 billion for road projects this fiscal; $500 billion to overhaul infrastructure in the five yrs to end- March 2012. 1. Urban - JNNURM projects---rail, road ,water transport and integration 2. Regional -NHDP a) Rail/ Highways Freight Corridors- Mumbai - Delhi – Kolkatta b) Railroad connectivity to c) Major Ports d) Airports 3. Rural - PMGSY/NRRDA 4. Inter-modal coordination passengers …Projects ¾ Formulation, Appraisal And Approval of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects. ¾ Financing Infrastructure Projects through the India Infrastructure Finance Company ¾ Customs Procedures and Functioning of Container Freight Stations and Ports ¾ Financing of the National Highway Development Programme (NHDP) ¾ Financing Plan for Airports ¾ Model Concession Agreement for PPP in Operation and Maintenance, State Highways and Ports Rail Projects in India Dedicated Freight Corridors Main Objective The Dedicated Freight Corridor is a project for new railway lines exclusively for carrying freight isolated from normal IR traffic and passenger trains Address Identified Needs: According to Nation-wide survey of users of rail freight services (1997), in the Rakesh Mohan Committee Report: the Indian Railways was rated below roadways on all parameters: y Reliability • Information sharing y Availability • Adaptability y Price • Cost-friendliness y Time • Negotiability y Connectivity • Access to officials y Suitability • Ease of payment y Damages • Claim time. Can be addressed more efficiently in an independent organization operating services in the dedicated freight corridors than in a very large organization like the Indian Railways. …Need of Dedicated Rail Freight Corridor Top five in the world in terms of passenger and freight traffic is marvelous. However the passenger traffic segment has been neither profitable nor self- sustaining y Sustained only through cross-subsidization by freight traffic earnings. y Passenger fare 30% of earnings, freight 66% (April-Oct 2005, total earnings Rs 29,933.68 crores) Foreseeable future, freight remains bulk y 600 million tons of freight and17% growth in recent times. y Imperative create some idle capacity in freight sector Obsolete speed y 1950-51 average speed of a goods train: 17.4kmph y 1989-90: 22.7kmph y In fast-moving present-day world, speed & rate of growth is very low y Especially for a predominantly agricultural economy like India, perishable goods account for a big chunk of the freight y At least 100 Kmph is needed Project Overview Phase-I In the first phase, corridors would be developed between Ludhiana Howrah in the eastern section and between Mumbai and Delhi in western section 1,483-km Delhi- Mumbai route 1,280-km Delhi-Kolkata route Phase II second phase, DFC would be laid between Mumbai and Chennai and between Chennai and Howrah. PHASE I S.No State Proposed Location Category of Region 1 Uttar Pradesh Dadri-Noida-Ghaziabad Investment Region 2 Uttar Pradesh Meerut-Muzaffarnagar Industrial Area 3 Haryana Faridabad-Palwal Industrial Area 4 Haryana Manesar-Bawal Investment Region 5 Rajasthan Kushkhera-Bhiwadi-Neemrana Investment Region 6 Rajasthan Jaipur-Dausa Industrial Area 7 Gujarat Vadodara-Ankleshwar Industrial Area 8 Gujarat Bharuch-Dahej Investment Region 9 Maharashtra Alewadi/Dighi Industrial Area 10 Maharashtra Igatpuri-Nahik-Sinnar Investment Region 11 Madhya Pradesh Pitampura-Dhar-Mhow Investment Region 12 Madhya Pradesh Nimach-Nayagaon Industrial Area PHASE II S.No State Proposed Location Category of Region A Haryana Kundli-Sonepat Investment Region B Haryana Rewari- Hissar Industrial Area C Rajasthan Ajmer-Kishangarh Investment Region D Rajasthan Rajsamand-Bhilwara Industrial Area E Rajasthan Pali-Marwar Industrial Area F Gujarat Ahemdabad-Dholera Investment Region G Gujarat Surat-Navsari Industrial Area Organizational structure and project implementation framework Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a public sector body set up for implementation of the dedicated freight corridor. RITES is the agency carrying out the initial feasibility studies for the project . CCEA will be approached for the approval of extension project after completion of the study The Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JBIC) has agreed to provide about Rs 18,000 crore for the construction cost DMICDC will undertake project development activity for various central government projects and also help in assisting state governments, wherever desired. The corporate entity will have a shell structure with 49% contribution by GOI and the remaining by Financial Institutions and other infrastructure organizations. Project Features Total length of route: 2,700 km. Feeder lines: about 5,000 km, most of the alignment beside the existing one. Trains running on the DFC lines will be up to 1.5km long (100 wagon rakes) and running at up to 100km/h Expected completion time for the first phase of the DFC project is around 5-7 years (i.e., completion by 2012-2014) Computerized train control system Liberal axle of moving dimension Double-track railway lines, capable of handling 32.5-tonne axle load, longer trains and also double-stack containers Cost Economics The Western corridor is estimated to cost Rs 23,680 crore. y Rs 6,200 crore from internal accruals, Rs 1,250 crore from gross budgetary support, and raise Rs 16,230 crore as debt. y The Railway Ministry is trying for Japan Bank for International Co-operation (JBIC) funding. The Eastern corridor is estimated to cost Rs 19,613 crore. y Rs 7,800 crore will be through internal generation, Rs 1,250 crore through gross budgetary support and Rs 10,563 crore will be raised as debt from multilateral agencies such as the World Bank and the ADB. The average annual requirement would work out to more than Rupees 4500 crore Together, the two freight corridors would involve investment of over Rs28,180 croreX0.2 million Dollar. Advantages Transit time for freight between Mumbai and New Delhi is expected to drop from 60 to 36 hours. The busiest corridor from Ahmedabad to Marwar, where 15 trains run each way, will be increased to 72 trains per way and between JNP and Baroda the trains will be increased from 9 to 49. The 2003-04 report shows that the container traffic in India was 2.7 million TEUs, out of which railways has 24 per cent share. It is estimated that in 2021-22 the traffic will increase to 15.5 million TEUs, of which 40 per cent will be tapped by DFC Intensive monitoring for timely delivery, increase in trailing load of trains, claim-free movement of goods, improved services such as refrigerated containers for perishable goods, etc, can be achieved. Use of multi-purpose wagons for freight in this corridor could reduce the present-day empty haulages from destinations to the loading points • Tremendous commercial advantages will accrue to the nation and the rail- ways if the dedicated freight corridor is operationalised. •The resultant reduced road haulage will in turn reduce the oil pool deficit of the country, saving precious petroleum and equally precious forex reserves. Reduced road traffic and installation of electric traction along corridor will reduce the pollution levels in the country. Thus overall national social and economic interests will be met with the railways implementing a dedicated freight corridor. • Delhi-Mumbai and Ludhiana-Howrah section of the DFC will help Railways in carrying 60 per cent of goods that are currently transported by roads. •With high-powered fast locomotives plying in the freight corridor and handling of goods for loading mechanized, onward distribution along the corridor’s major stations would greatly contribute to efficiency •. Railways aims to carry 785 million tonnes of revenue earning traffic this year and expects to carry more than 1,100 million tonnes of freight traffic by the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Summary The Dedicated Freight Corridor is a project for new railway lines exclusively for carrying freight isolated from normal IR traffic and passenger trains Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a public sector body set up for implementation of the dedicated freight corridor. The total length of the route for DFC is 2,700 km. freight corridors would involve investment of over Rs28,180 crore. Delhi Metro Delhi Urban Transport Scenario Delhi, the Capital city of India has a population of 16 Million and growing rapidly –both organically and due to in-migration. Till the end of last century, the only mode of Mass Transit was Conventional Bus and the Urban Transport scene was dominated by personal automobile (two wheelers and cars) and informal Para- transit (auto-rickshaws). Total number of two wheelers and cars in Delhi outnumber the combined total of all other Indian metropolises taken together. The road based system was not only inadequate to the need but also had severe externalities for sustainable environment friendly transport. Solution for this chaotic situation To rectify this situation the Government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, in equal partnership have set up a company named Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (commissioned a 65.10 kms route in Phase-I and is proceeding ahead with another 121 kms in Phase –II). History of Delhi Metro The planning for the Metro in Delhi had started in the 1950s. Numerous studies were conducted for studying the feasibility of a rail based mass transit system. The first steps towards the construction of the metro were only initiated in 1995 when the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was registered.