Daystar University Repository AN ASSESSMENT OF LIFE SKILLS USED BY ADOLESCENTS IN PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN KASARANI SUB-COUNTY, NAIROBI by Agnes Wangu Ndung’u A thesis presented to the School of Human and Social Sciences of Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Child Development June 2016 Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository APPROVAL AN ASSESSMENT OF LIFE SKILLS USED BY ADOLESCENTS IN PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN KASARANI SUB-COUNTY, NAIROBI by Agnes Wangu Ndung’u In accordance with Daystar University policies, this thesis is accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree. Date: _________________________________ ____________________ Scolastica Githinji, PhD, 1st Supervisor _________________________________ _____________________ Harrahs Malinda, PhD, 2nd Supervisor _________________________________ ______________________ Roselyne Olumbe, PhD, Assistant Coordinator, Institute of Child Development ii Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository ________________________________ ______________________ Kennedy Ongaro, PhD, Dean, School of Human and Social Sciences Copyright ©2016 Agnes Wangu Ndung’u iii Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository DECLARATION AN ASSESSMENT OF LIFE SKILLS USED BY ADOLESCENTS IN PREVENTION OF HIV AND AIDS IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS IN KASARANI SUB-COUNTY, NAIROBI I declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been submitted to any other college or university for academic credit Signed: _________________________ Date: ____________________ Agnes Wangu Ndung’u 08- 0603 iv Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indeed grateful to the almighty God for being my guide throughout my studies. My appreciation goes to Daystar University and particularly the Institute of Child Development for the opportunity to undertake my studies. I am particularly indebted to Dr Scolastica Githinji, Dr Harrahs Malinda and Mrs Roselyne Olumbe for their dedicated guidance, counseling, scholarly advice and encouragement throughout this study. I wish to sincerely thank the study respondents for their cooperation during data collection. My appreciation also goes to my sons. Martin Njoroge and Kennedy Ndung’u, for their love, kindness and support in the course of my studies. v Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL ....................................................................................................................... ii DECLARATION ............................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................... x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY .......................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Background to the Study ............................................................................................. 1 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................... 10 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................. 11 Objectives of the Study .............................................................................................. 11 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 12 Justification for the Study .......................................................................................... 12 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................... 12 Assumptions of the Study .......................................................................................... 13 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................... 13 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study ............................................................... 13 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................... 14 Summary .................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 16 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 16 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 16 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 16 General Literature Review ......................................................................................... 18 Empirical Literature Review ...................................................................................... 21 Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................. 23 Discussion .................................................................................................................. 24 Summary .................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 26 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................... 26 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 26 Research Design ........................................................................................................ 26 Population .................................................................................................................. 26 Target Population ....................................................................................................... 27 Sample Size ............................................................................................................... 28 Sampling Techniques ................................................................................................. 28 Data Collection Instruments ...................................................................................... 29 Data Collection Procedures ....................................................................................... 30 Pretesting ................................................................................................................... 30 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................... 33 Summary .................................................................................................................... 34 vi Library Archives Copy Daystar University Repository CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. 35 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .............................. 35 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 35 Analysis and Interpretation ........................................................................................ 35 Summary of Key Findings ......................................................................................... 53 Summary .................................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................. 55 DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................. 55 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 55 Discussions of Key Findings ..................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 58 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 59 Recommendations for Further Research ................................................................... 60 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................