Index Albert, Hans, 152 Boyle, Andrew, 192 Allais, Maurice, 29 Breuer, Josef, 5 Allen, R. G. D., 23 British Connection (McCormick), 184, American-Austrian School, 2, 8–11 190–4 anarchy, 221–2 British Empire, 32 Ancien Régime, 1, 4 British School, 7, 8, 25, 75 Arrow, Kenneth, 23 Buchanan, James, 29 Attlee, Clement, 52–3, 186 Burgess, Guy, 189 Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Burns, Arthur, 28 Research, 82 Austrian School, 19, 32, 128 Caldwell, Bruce, 43, 57n4, 90 and Hayek, 1–15 The Cambridge Apostles (McCormick), members of, 2, 15–18 194–5 origins of, 2 Cambridge School, 7, 8, 25, 75 rise of, 5 Campbell, Glenn, 181 Ayer, A. J., 217 Cannan, Edwin, 7–8 capitalism, 51, 56, 78, 127, 132 Bartley, William Warren III, 2, 3, capital theory, 4, 66, 74 22, 36–7, 109, 147–209, 213–24, cartels, 36 234–6 Cecil, Robert, 189 biography of Erhard by, 174–7 central planning, 44–50, 66 biography of Popper by, 177–8 Chamberlin, Henry, 50 biography of Wittgenstein by, Chicago School, 25, 26, 27, 132 171–4 Churchill, Winston, 52–3 break with Christianity by, 159–62 citations, 61–5, 67–9 Collected Works, 196–202 classical economics, 3–4, 36, and Hayek, 178–202 77, 128 and justificationism, 213–18 Coase, Ronald, 24–6, 29 and Lakatos, 162–71, 200, 202 Coase Theorem, 24–5 and Popper, 162–71, 177–8, 200, Cold War, 1, 29 202, 213–14, 216 The Collected Works of F.A. Hayek Bass model, 63–5, 68 (Bartley), 2, 196–202, 229–30 Battle of Solferino, 5 communism, 5, 49, 186 Becker, Gary, 29 The Communist Manifesto (Marx and Belcredi, Richard, 15 Engels), 4, 5 Besters, Hans, 101, 102 competition, 98, 131–2, 135 Beveridge, William, 28, 51 Conservative party, 55 Beves, Donald, 186–7 The Constitution of Liberty Bismarck, Otto von, 4, 127 (Hayek), 49 Block, Walter, 99 constructivist rationalists, 214 Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von, 2, 4, 11, Cox, Archibald, 179 16–17 critical rationalists, 218 Bork, Robert, 35 Cubitt, C. E., 109, 200 237 238 Index Deacon, Richard, see McCormick, free market, 32, 96 Donald ‘Deacon’ free trade, 12, 215 deconstructionism, 222–3 Freiburg School, 93–119, 123 Deedes, William, 188 Freud, Sigmund, 5, 227 Delbrück, Rudolf von, 127 Friedman, Milton, 26, 27, 29, 71, 202, democracy, 1, 33, 133–5 235–6 deregulation, 1, 9 Frinberg, Hertha, 105–6 Dickinson, Henry Douglas, 47 Fukuyama, F., 1 dictatorship, 33–4 fundamentalist religions, 1 Dietzel, Heinrich, 128 Fyfe, David Maxwell, 155 diffusion of innovations, 63–5, 68 dogmatism, 217–19 general equilibrium, 66 Douglas-Home, Charles, 31 German Empire, 5, 12 German Historical School, 2, 12, 19, Eastman, Max, 50 32, 95, 96, 128 Ebenstein, Alan, 52 Gestrich, Hans, 128 economic power, 50–1, 54 Giersch, Herbert, 30 Engels, F., 5–6 Glass Steagal Act, 9 Erhard, Ludwig, 98, 174–7 global financial crisis, 32, 76 Erhard, Werner, 37 Grattan, C. Hartley, 54 Eucken, Walter, 36, 94–8, 101, 102, Greaves, Percy, 9–10 112n5, 112n15, 112n21, 114n32, Gregory, Theodore, 19 124–45 Grey, J. N., 218 on German tradition of liberalism, Grünbaum, Adolf, 172 126–8 Grünberg, Karl, 13 on international liberal economics, 124–6 Haberler, Gottfried von, 83–4 European Forum, 114n23 Habsburg, Otto von, 32 Evans, Harold, 31 Habsburg, Rudolf von, 15–16 evolutionary liberalism, 111 Habsburg Empire, 1, 4–5, 15–16, 18 Harrod, Roy, 27 fascism, 49–50 Hayek, Friedrich August The Fatal Conceit (Hayek), 106–10, and the Austrian School, 1–15 193, 197, 213, 214–15 Bartley’s biography of, 178–96 Felperin, Howard, 222–3 in citations, 61–5, 67, 68–9 Filbinger, Hans, 101, 104–5 Collected Works, 196–202, 229–30 financial capital, 29 and Eucken, 94–7, 112n5, 114n32, Fisher, Anthony, 32, 55 124–45 Forster, E. M., 192 The Fatal Conceit, 106–10, 193, 197, The Forum, 37 213–15 foundationalism, 217 ‘Freedom and the Economic Fox News, 35 System’, 43–51 Frankfurt Institute, 183 in Freiburg, 93–119 Franklin, Benjamin, 34 influence of, 1–3, 22–35 Franz Ferdinand, 16 and Keynes, 74–9 Franz Joseph I, 5 Kresge on, 226–31 freedom, 56–7, 77, 129–31 and Mises, 6, 80–91 ‘Freedom and the Economic System’ Nobel Prize of, 3, 8–9, 24, 26–31, (Hayek), 43–51 65–9, 71–3, 75 Index 239 and ordoliberalism, 96–100, Kraus, Christian Jakob, 127 111, 123 Kresge, Stephen, 150–1, 164, 178, and Popper, 218–21 226–33, 235 The Road to Serfdom, 1, 11, 26, Kukathas, C., 219–20 43–58, 66–7, 77–8, 123–46 in Salzburg, 103–6 labor theory of value, 4 ‘The Use of Knowledge in Labour party, 55 Society’, 68 Laidler, David, 30 Hayek, Gustav von, 16 laissez-faire liberalism, 96 Hayek on Hayek, 3 Lakatos, Imre, 149, 162–71, 179, Heath, Edward, 32 200, 202 Hess, Rudolf, 185 Landmark Forum, 37 Hicks, John, 23 Lange, Oskar, 47 High, Jack, 23 Laski, Harold J., 182–3 Hitler, Adolf, 49, 185 Lavoie, Don, 88–9 homosexuality, 155–6 Leijonhufvud, Axel, 72–3 Hoppmann, Erich, 106 Lester, Jan, 221–2 Hülsmann, J. G., 88 Leube, Kurt, 104, 197, 200–1, 202 human capital, 7, 29 liberalism, 5, 11, 36, 90, 96, 98, Hungary, 5 123–6, 214, 215, 218–20 approaches to, 129–35 industrial revolution, 4 evolutionary, 111 inequality, 50–1 German tradition of, 126–8 inflation, 28, 29, 71, 76 neoliberalism, 21, 96, 124–6 innovations, diffusion of, 63–5, 68 ordoliberalism, 36, 96–100, 111, Institute of Economic Affairs, 32, 71 123–6, 134–5 Italy, 5 palaeoliberals, 36, 112n18, 116n45 libertarianism, 9, 10, 54 Janssen, Hauke, 129 liberty, 56–7, 129–31, 221–2 Jay, Peter, 31, 32 Liberty Fund, 108 Jefferson, Thomas, 3 Lindbeck, Assar, 28, 66 Jenks, Jeremiah W., 81 literary studies, 222–3 Jensen, Michael C., 235, 236 Locke, John, 3, 154 Jevons, William Stanley, 3, 35 London School of Economics (LSE), Johnson, Harry, 27 7–8, 19, 22–3, 25, 71, 75, 183 JSTOR project, 61–2, 67 Lösch, August, 128 justificationism, 213–18 Lucas, Robert, 72 Lundberg, Erik, 28, 30, 68 Kahn, Richard, 75 Kaldor, Nicholas, 189 Machlup, Fritz, 14, 29, 124–5 Kaufman, Felix, 83, 84 Macmillan, Harold, 32 Keynes, John Maynard, 7, 15, 24, 28, macroeconomics, 28, 74–9 51, 55, 74–9 Maine, Henry Sumner, 4 Keynes Hayek: The Clash That Defined Malthus, Thomas Robert, 75 Modern Economics (Wapshott), Mangoldt, Hans von, 128 74 –9 Marcuse, Herbert, 171–2, 183–4 Keynesianism, 23–4, 28 marginalism, 4 Klein, Peter, 88, 90 marginal-utility analysis, 3, 4 Knight, F., 25–6 market capitalism, 51 240 Index Marshall, Alfred, 6–7, 8, 25, 128 palaeoliberals, 36, 112n18, 116n45 Marx, Karl, 4, 5–6, 56 Parker, M. T., 194 Mayer, Hans, 2, 17–18, 20, 21 Patinkin, Don, 27 McCormick, Donald ‘Deacon’, 184, Peace of Westphalia, 4 191–5 Peirels, Rudolf, 190 McGill, William, 184 Pejovich, Svetozar, 108 Menger, Carl, 2, 3, 11–16 Phillips curve, 76 mercantilism, 3 Pigou, Arthur Cecil, 7, 24–6, 184–8, Metternich, Klemens von, 4–5 190, 195–6 Mill, John Stuart, 35, 56, 57 planning, 44–50, 66 Mises, Ludwig von, 2, 5–6, 8–12, Plant, Arnold, 7 18–22, 35, 66, 80–91, 112n18, Plenge, Johann, 126–7 128, 132, 215–16 political nationalism, 50–1 Mitchell, Julian, 186 political power, 50–1 Mitchell, Wesley C., 81–2 Popper, Karl, 22, 151–3, 156, 162–71, Monday Club, 32 177–80, 184, 200, 202, 213–14, monetarism, 27 216, 218–21, 227 monetary theory, 9, 83 post-war economic liberalism, 124–6 monopolistic competition, 132 price controls, 28, 29 Mont Pelerin Society (MPS), 26, price information, 66 28, 29, 30, 69, 96, 98, 99, 109, principal-agent relations, 24 112n12, 136, 184, 190 Principles of Economics (Marshall), 6–7 morality, 219–20 protectionism, 215 moral relativism, 214 Prussia, 5 Morgenstern, Oscar, 83 psychology, 14 Murdoch, Rupert, 31–2 Musgrave, Alan, 166–7 Quine, Willard Van Orman, 163 Myrdal, Gunnar, 27, 30, 66, 67, 68, 71–3, 75 Rathenau, Walter, 12–13 rationality, 214, 218, 219 Nash, John, 30 Reagan, Ronald, 35 Nathan, Nicholas, 152 Rees-Mogg, William, 31 nationalism, 50–1 relativism, 217–18 National Socialism, 43–4, 49–50, 125 Retreat to Commitment (Bartley), Nazis, 18, 43–4, 54, 123, 127, 144n14 202–3 neoclassical economics, 6–7, 8, 28, 29, Ricardian Group, 95, 96 34, 66, 128 Ricardo, David, 4, 75 neoliberalism, 21, 96, 124–6 The Road to Serfdom (Hayek), 1, 11, 26, neo-mercantilism, 127 43–58, 66–7, 77–8, 123–46 new classical economics, 72, 73 Robbins, Lionel, 7, 14, 19, 22–4, 71, New Deal, 54 75, 78, 89, 155, 183 Nixon, Richard, 29, 179 Roberts, Paul Craig, 214 Nobel Prize, 3, 8–9, 23, 24, 26–31, Robinson, Joan, 75 65–9, 71–3, 75 Roll, Eric, 53–4 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 54 Ohlin, Bertil, 28 Röpke, Eva, 126 ORDO, 98 Röpke, Wilhelm, 95, 96, 99–100, ordoliberalism, 36, 96–100, 111, 112n19 123–6, 134–5 Rosenberg, Jack, 36 Index 241 Rosten, Leo, 31, 33, 34, 35, 182, 183 Tebbitt, Norman, 35 Rothbard, Murray, 2 terrorism, 1 Rüstow, Alexander, 96, 112n18, Thatcher, Margaret, 30–1, 32, 35 112n19, 116n45, 129 Theroux, David, 197–9, 201 Ryland, Dadie (George), 186 The Times, 31, 32 totalitarianism, 57n6 Salzburg, 103–6 tradition, 218, 219–20 Schumpeter, Joseph, 2, 17, 33, 56, true believers, 218 58n12, 81, 128 Turing, Alan, 155 Science Citation Index, 61 Selsdon Group, 32 unemployment, 76, 77 Sen, Amartya, 57 unions, 31, 32 Sereny, Gitta, 31 University of Freiburg, 93–119, 123 Shenoy, Sudha, 197, 199, 202 University of Salzburg, 103–6 Sherover-Marcuse, Erica, 172, 183 ‘The Use of Knowledge in Society’ Sinclair-Stevenson, Christopher, (Hayek), 68 190, 191 utility analysis, 23 slave trade, 154–5 Smith, Adam, 3, 4, 8, 127, 136 Vienna, 5 Smith, Vernon, 30 von Schmoller, Gustav, 2 socialism, 27, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 49–50, 54, 88, 133–5, 186, 197 wage controls, 28, 29 social market economy, 35–6 Walras, Léon, 3 social order, 129–31 Wapshott, N., 74–9 social rationalists, 90 Webb, Sidney, 19 sociological neo-liberalism, 96 Weber, Max, 18, 80 Sombart, Werner, 126 welfare, 221–2 Sozialpolitik, 12 welfare state, 6, 66 Spann, Othmar, 13, 18, 20 Wieser, Friedrich von, 2, 10–11, spontaneous order, 90 13–14, 16–17, 19, 21, 80–1, 87 Sraffa, Piero, 75 Wilberforce, William, 154 Stackelberg, Heinrich von, 128 Wilkinson, L.