Native SOUTH DAKOTA - - A TRAVEL GUIDE TO TRIBAL LANDS Reservations & Tribal Lands C ONTENTS 1 RESERVATIONS & TRIBAL LANDS MAP 2 INTRODUCTION 4 RICH CULTURE AND HERITAGE 6 OcETI SAKOWIN/THE SEVEN COUNCIL FIRES 8 MILESTONES 10 VISITOR GUIDELINES 12 CHEYENNE RIVER SIOUX TRIBE 16 CROW CREEK SIOUX TRIBE 20 FLANDREAU SANTEE SIOUX TRIBE 24 LOWER BRULE SIOUX TRIBE 28 OGLALA SIOUX TRIBE 32 ROSEBUD SIOUX TRIBE 36 SISSETON WAHPETON OYATE 40 STANDING ROCK SIOUX TRIBE 44 YANKTON SIOUX TRIBE 48 LANDSCAPES & LANDMARKS 50 NATIVE AMERICAN ART 60 POWWOWS & CELEBRATIONS RESERVATIONS TRAILS 64 TRIBAL CASINOS 66 TRIBAL CONTACT LISTINGS 1 CHEYENNE RIVER INDIAN N10 ATIVE AMERICAN RESERVATION SCENIC BYWAY 2 CROW CREEK INDIAN RESERVATION 11 OYATE TRAIL 3 FLANDREAU SANTEE INDIAN RESERVATION 4 LOWER BRULE INDIAN RESERVATION 5 PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION 6 ROSEBUD INDIAN RESERVATION 7 SISSETON-WAHPETON OYATE TRIBAL LANDS 8 STANDING ROCK INDIAN RESERVATION 9 YANKTON TrIBAL LANDS Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Introduction WELCOME to the land of the Dakota, word “nadouessioux,” which is believed Lakota and Nakota. There are nine to be a derogatory term meaning “little Native American tribes that call snakes.” The name may have resulted South Dakota home, and each of them from a history of territorial conflicts has a unique story to tell. Working between the Sioux and the Ojibwas. together, they welcome visitors into People of the Great Sioux Nation their communities in order to educate prefer the terms Dakota, Nakota and and to share. When visiting Native Lakota when referring to themselves communities, you will experience as a people and a nation. These are the genuine hospitality, discover authentic names of the group’s different dialects, art, and hear about the fascinating regions and economies. The word history and unique culture of the “Sioux” appears in this publication people known by many as Sioux. when necessary, but efforts were made to use the more accepted terms This guide is organized alphabetically, of Dakota, Lakota and Nakota. by tribe, and includes brief historical information, listings of attractions Information contained in this and events, and contact information. guide was taken from many It also provides information about sources. Because of that, there are museums, art galleries and businesses inconsistencies in the spelling of where visitors can find authentic Dakota, Lakota and Nakota words. Dakota, Lakota and Nakota artworks to view and/or purchase. Please note that inclusion in this publication does not constitute an The U.S. government officially endorsement by the South Dakota recognized the Lakota as “Sioux” in Department of Tourism, nor do 1825 and has applied this name to the omissions indicate a statement Dakota, Lakota and Nakota in official or allusion to the merit of the documents ever since. The term Sioux organization so omitted. is a fragment of the French and Ojibwa = PROPERTY IS OFF TRIBAL LAND 2 NATIVE SOUTH DAKOTA A TRAVEL GUIDE TO TRIBAL LANDS 3 Rich Culture & Heritage From rolling plains to majestic mountains, THE BUFFALO NATION a diverse landscape decorates South The Great Spirit Skan made us with Dakota. These lands also hold a diverse bones from Stone, bodies from Earth, population. More than 71,000 Native and souls from himself, Wind and Americans live in South Dakota. Thunders. The gifts of Sun, Wisdom, Traditional creation stories place the Moon and Revealer gave us life. nation’s birth in the Black Hills of South A council of the spirits named us Dakota. Others say the people of the Pte Oyate – Buffalo Nation – and Seven Council Fires migrated to the told us to care for the spirits. area from the woodlands of Minnesota. One day Spider sent Wolf to the Dakota, Lakota and Nakota customs Underworld to tell Tokahe that life hold the forces of nature as holy and would be easier on the surface of the emphasize the importance of balance earth. Tokahe ignored the warnings among all things in the universe. of the holy man, Tatanka, and led the This balance remains an instrumental people up through Wind Cave. Life piece of life, as do the cardinal virtues there was hard, so Tatanka came to help of “woksape” (wisdom), “woohitika” – as a great, shaggy beast. Since then, the (bravery), “wowacintanka” (fortitude) people have lived here with the buffalo. and “wacantognaka” (generosity). Creation story courtesy of the South Dakota State Historical Society. Bison Bear4 ButteNATIVE SOUTH DAKOTA A TRAVEL GUIDE TO TRIBAL LANDS 5 Oceti Sakowin – Seven Council Fires The people of the Oceti Sakowin call TETON-LAKOTA: WESTERN themselves Dakota, Lakota and Nakota 7 TETONWAN LAKOTA-NAKOTA-DAKOTA which are dialectic distinctions between “PEOPLE OF THE PRAIRIE” OCETI SAKOWIN (SEVEN COUNCIL FIRES) three major divisions of the Great TETON Sioux Nation. The nine tribes named themselves, or each other, for the region they inhabited or after a particular TETON-LAKOTA SUBDIVISIONS Sisitonwan (CAMPING AMONG SWAMPS) characteristic or event. The tribes joined A OGLALA in an alliance for mutual protection “SCATTER THEIR OWN” 4 and the Seven Council Fires, or Oceti PINE RIDGE RESERVATION Wahpekute Ihanktonwan Sakowin, emerged from the three (LEAF SHOOTERS) (CAMPING AT THE END) divisions of the Great Sioux Nation. B KUL WACASA OYATE OR SICANGU “BURNT THIGH” 2 5 ROSEBUD AND SANTEE-DAKOTA: EASTERN LOWER BRULE RESERVATIONS 1 MDEWAKANTONWAN C HUNKPAPA “SPIRIT LAKE PEOPLE” “DWELLERS AT THE ENTRANCE” Mdewakantonwan N 2 WAHPEKUTES STANDING ROCK RESERVATION (CAMPING AT SPIRIT LAKE ) “SHOOTERS AMONG THE LEAVES” D MNICOUJOU 1 W E 3 WAHPETONWAN “PLANTS BY THE WATER” “DWELLERS AMONG THE LEAVES” CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION WAHPETON S E SIHASAPA 4 SISSETONWAN “BLACK FOOT” “PEOPLE OF THE FISH VILLAGE” CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION SISSETON F OOHENUMPA “TWO KETTLES/TWO BOILINGS” 3 6 CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION YANKTON-NAKOTA: CENTRAL Wahpetonwan Ihanktonwanna G ITAZIPCO 5 IHANKTONWAN (CAMPING AMONG LEAVES) 7 (CAMPING AT THE LITTLE END) “SANS ARC OR NO BOWS” “DWELLERS AT THE END” CHEYENNE RIVER RESERVATION YANKTONS Titonwan 6 IHANKTONWANA (CAMPING ON THE PLAINS) “LITTLE DWELLERS AT THE END” YANKTONAIS Used with permission from Native Discovery. Copyright Native Discovery 2007. 6 NATIVE SOUTH DAKOTA A TRAVEL GUIDE TO TRIBAL LANDS 7 Milestones 1500 • Plains Village people are living 1862-1865 • The War of the Outbreak Horse and several Cheyenne leaders to non-Indian settlement. The land along the Missouri River Valley. occurs. The war starts in Minnesota defeat Custer and the 7th Cavalry at the is formally opened in 1909. with the Santee uprising of 1862 and Battle of Little Big Horn in Montana. 1760 • 1924 • The Sioux, having been pushed spreads into Dakota Territory. The Custer loses his life along with his entire The Citizenship Act of 1924 out of Minnesota by the Chippewa, Territory’s contribution to the war command of more than 200 men. naturalizes Native Americans born reach the Missouri River. Enroute, they against the Santee consists of two troops within the territorial limits of the 1877 • drive the Omaha from the Big Sioux of volunteer cavalry and a number of With passage of the 1887 United States. and James River Valleys. Their arrival Act (February 28), the United States militia units. 1934 • at the Missouri ignites a long war with took more than seven million acres, The Indian Reorganization the Arikara for control of the Missouri 1865 • The Edmunds Commission, including the Black Hills, from the Act recognizes tribal governments River Valley in central South Dakota. headed by Territorial Governor Newton Great Sioux Reservation. Crazy Horse as sovereign nations. Edmunds, negotiates a series of treaties. is killed at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. 1973 • 1794 • The war with the Arikara comes Members and supporters of to an end with the Sioux driving the 1866-1868 • Red Cloud leads the 1889 • An act by the U.S. Congress the American Indian Movement Arikara out of central South Dakota. successful fight to close off the in March splits the Great Sioux (AIM) seize the village of Wounded Bozeman Trail, a pass leading to the Reservation into six smaller reservations Knee and occupy it for 71 days. 1800 • th By the early 19 century, the gold mines of Montana. The trail with specified boundaries*. Some 1975 • The Indian Self Determination Great Sioux Nation dominates the crosses over the traditional hunting of the tribes begin performing the and Education Assistance Act northern Plains (an area including grounds of the Teton. Ghost Dance, a religious ceremony authorizes federal government most of the Dakotas, northern thought to extinguish the whites, 1868 • agencies to enter into contracts with, Nebraska, eastern Wyoming and The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 return the buffalo and restore the and make grants directly to federally southeastern Montana). establishes the Great Sioux Reservation, former way of life. South Dakota is encompassing most of present-day recognized Indian tribes. This authority 1803 • admitted to the Union in November. The United States purchases South Dakota west of the Missouri gives tribes greater control over the Louisiana Territory from France. River, including the Black Hills. The 1890 • Sitting Bull is murdered on funding that affects their welfare. The westward expansion that follows U.S. Government pledges to keep non- the Standing Rock Reservation. 1990 • Governor George S. Mickelson eventually leads to depletion of the Indian settlers out of this territory. Following this event, Big Foot and his and representatives of the state’s nine buffalo, an animal central to the Mnicoujou band flee to Pine Ridge 1874 • tribal governments proclaim 1990 a Dakota, Lakota and Nakota way of life. An expedition led by Lt. Col. to seek protection under Red Cloud. George A. Custer discovers gold Year of Reconciliation. A Century of 1851 • More than 250 members of Big Foot’s th Reconciliation is declared in 1991. Per the Fort Laramie Treaty of in the Black Hills, sending a rush band are massacred by the 7 Cavalry 1851, the tribes guarantee safe passage of prospectors to the area.