Advanced topics in social dynamics Family Demography Gøsta Esping-Andersen Bocconi 2020-21 Session 1(9.03.2021): Theoretical perspectives in the study of the family In this session we will focus on key theories within family research, from both economics and sociology. Required readings: Becker, G (1973). ‘A theory of marriage. Part 1’. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 4: 813-46 Lesthaeghe, R. (2010).‘The unfolding story of the second demographic transition’. Population and Development Review, 36(2), 211-251. Recommended readings: Esping-Andersen, G and Billari, F. 2015 ‘Retheorizing family demographic change’. Population and Development Review, 41: 1-31 McDonald, P 2013 ‘Societal foundations for explaining fertility’. Demographic Research, 28: 981-994 Lundberg, Shelly and Pollack, Robert. 2007. "The American Family and Family Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 3-26. Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1988. "A Theory of Marriage Timing." American Journal of Sociology 94(3): 563-91. Session 2 (10.03). Trends in gender roles, family behavior and structure Required readings: Esping-Andersen, G 2016 Families in the 21st Century. Chapter 1: ‘The return of the family’ (this book can be downloaded gratis from SNS’ website ([email protected]) Goldin, M 2006. "The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women’s Employment, Education, and Family." American Economic Review 96(2): 1-21. Recommended readings: (for student presentation: minimally the Sevilla-Sanz article and the van Bavel et.al. paper) Van Bavel, J 2018 ‘The reversal of the gender gap in education and its consequences for family life’. Annual Review of Sociology, 44: 341-60 England, P. Et.al., 2020 ‘Progress toward gender equality in the United States has slowed or stalled’. Department of Sociology, New York University Hakim, C. (2003). “A New Approach to Explaining Fertility Patterns: Preference Theory”, Population and Development Review, 29(3): 349-374. Sevilla-Sanz, Almudena. 2010. "Household division of labor and cross-country differences in household formation rates." Journal of Population Economics 23(1):225-49. West, C. and Zimmerman, D. (1987). “Doing Gender”, Gender and Society, 1(2): 125-151. An excellent general overview is found in Ponthieux, S and Meurs, D 2014 ‘Gender Inequality’. Chapter 12 in Handbook of Income Distribution 2A. Elsevier. An overview focusing on changing gender roles is OECD 2017 The Pursuit of Gender Equality. Session 3 (11.03). Family formation and marriage *issues: secular decline in marriages; emergence of cohabitation (variations in meaning across societies); rise of singlehood; assortative partnering; changing motives for partnering (specialization versus other); u-turn in marriage behaviour? * basic concepts and measurements. Required Readings G. Becker, 1973;1974 ‘A theory of marriage’, Parts 1 and 2. Journal of Political Economy, 81: 813-846 and 82: S11-S26 Oppenheimer, V. K. 1997 ‘Women’s employment and the gains to marriage’. Annual Review of Sociology, 23: 431-53 Kalmijn, M 2007 ‘Explaining cross-national differences in marriage, cohabitation and divorce in Europe’. Population Studies, 61: 243-63 Additional Readings Blossfeld, Hans-Peter, and Andreas Timm (Eds.). 2003. Who Marries Whom? Educational Systems As Marriage Markets in Modern Societies. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Bellani, D, Esping-Andersen, G and Nedoluzhko, L 2017. ‘Never partnered. A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood’. Demographic Research, 36: 53-100 Perelli-Harris, B and Gassen, N 2012 ‘How similar are cohabitation and marriage? Population and Development Review, 38:435-67 Schwartz, C, Zeng, Z and Xie, Y (2016) ‘Marrying up by marrying down. Status exchange between social origin and education in the United States’. Sociological Science, 3: 1003-1026 Schwartz, C and Mare, R. 2005 ‘Trends in educational assortative marriage, 1940-2003. Demography, 42:621-46 Goldstein, Joshua R., and Catherine T. Kenney. 2001. "Marriage Delayed or Marriage Forgone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women." American Sociological Review 66(4):506-19. Stevenson, B and Wolfers, J 2007 ‘Marriage and Divorce: changes and their driving forces. J of Economic Literature, 21: 27-52 Session 4 (22.03). Fertility This session focuses on the effect of changing gender roles and relations on family formation. Key issues: fertility decline, lowest-low fertility, any fertility recovery? the role of familial or public child care provision, the impact of marriage versus cohabitation Required readings: Francesco C. Billari, Hans-Peter Kohler (2004) Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe, Population Studies 58(2), 161-176 Brewster, Karin L., and Ronald R. Rindfuss. 2000. "Fertility and Women's Employment in Industrialized Nations." Annual Review of Sociology 26:271-96. Additional reading Aassve, A. et al. 2016 ‘Trust and fertility dynamics’. Social Forces, 95: 663-692 Livi-Bacci, Massimo. 2001. "Too few children and too much family." Daedalus 130(3):139-56. Ahn, Namkee, and Pedro Mira. 2002. "A note on the changing relationship between fertility and female employment rates in developed countries." Journal of Population Economics 15(4):667-82. Hotz, J , Klerman, J and Willis, R 1997 ‘The economics of fertility in developed countries’. In M. Rozenzweig and O. Stark, eds. Handbook of Population and Family Economics. Vol 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Rutigliano, R and Esping-Andersen, G 2017 ‘Partnership choice and childbearing in Norway and Spain’. European Journal of Population, Kolk, M. 2019 ‘Weak support for a U-shaped pattern between gender equality and fertility’. Demographic Research, 40: 27-48 Kulu, H. et.al. 2019 ‘A decade of life-course research on fertility of immigrants and their descendants in Europe’. Demographic Research40: 1345-74 Koops, J, Liefbroer, A, and Gauthiert, A 2021 ‘Having a child within a cohabiting union in Europe and North America. What is the role of parents’ socio-economic status?’ Population, Space and Place Rutigliano, R 2020 ‘Counting on potential grandparents?’. Demography 57: (online) Session 5 (24.03). Fertility and policies Fertility and social policies. Preferences and behavior, preferences and intentions. Compulsory reading Anne Gauthier (2001) The Impact of Public Policies on Families and Demographic Behavior. Paper presented at the ESF/EURESCO conference ‘The second demographic transition in Europe’ (Bad Herrenalb, Germany 23-28 June 2001). Downloadable at: http://www.demogr.mpg.de/Papers/workshops/010623_paper21.pdf Peter McDonald (2000) Gender Equity in Theories of Fertility Transition, Population and Development Review, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 427-439 Additional reading Duvander, Ann-Zofie, Trude Lappegård, and Gunnar Andersson. 2010. "Family policy and fertility: fathers' and mothers' use of parental leave and continued childbearing in Norway and Sweden." Journal of European Social Policy 20(1):45- 57. Aassve, A et.al. 2020 ‘The COVID-19 pandemic and human fertility’. Science, Vol 369, issue 6502 (24 July) Sleebos, Joëlle. 2003. "Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: Facts and Policy Responses." in OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers 15. Paris: OECD. Catherine Hakim. (2003) A New Approach to Explaining Fertility Patterns: Preference Theory. Population and Development Review 29:3, 349–374 Neyer, G and Andersson, G. (2008) “Consequences of family policies on childbearing behaviour: effects or artifacts? Population and Development Review Vol. 34 (4): 699-724. Session 6 (25.03). Divorce issues: socio-economic gradients of divorce; rising marital instability; the u-turn in divorce gradients; women’s employment and divorce; selection into marriage and divorce risks; co-habitation and marriage effects; are egalitarian couples more stable? Role of homogamy Definitions and measurement Required readings Goode, William J. 1962. "Marital satisfaction and instability: a cross-cultural class analysis of divorce rates." International Social Science Journal 14(3):544-67. Härkönen, Juho, and Jaap Dronkers. 2006. "Stability and Change in the Educational Gradient of Divorce. A Comparison of Seventeen Countries." European Sociological Review 22(5):501-17. Additional readings Becker, Gary S., Elisabeth M. Landes, and Robert T. Michael. 1977. "An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability." Journal of Political Economy 85(6):1141-87. Kalmijn,M and Leopold, T 2021 ‘A new look at the seperation surge in Europe. Contrasting adult and child perspectives’. American Sociological Review, 86 Perelli-Harris, B et.al. 2017 ‘The rise in divorce and cohabitation. Is there a link?’ Population and Development Review, 43: 303-329 Liefbroer, A.C., and E. Dourleijn (2006). “Unmarried cohabitation and union stability: Testing the role of diffusion using data from 16 European countries.” Demography 43 (2): 203-221. Cooke, L. P. 2006. ""Doing" Gender in Context: Household Bargaining and Risk of Divorce in Germany and the United States." American Journal of Sociology 112(2):442-72. Martin, S 2006 ‘Trends in marital dissolution by women’s education in the U.S.’ Demographic Research, 15: 537-560 Brons, A and Harkonen, J 2018 ‘Parental education and family dissolution. A cross-national and cohort comparison’. Journal of Marriage and Family,80: 426- 43 Sayer, Liana C., and Suzanne M. Bianchi. 2000. "Women's Economic Independence and the Probability of Divorce." Journal of Family Issues 21(7):906-43. Jockin, V, McGue, M and Lykken, D 1996 ‘Personality and divorce: a genetic analysis’. J. of Personality and social Psychology,