Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. Wetensch. 97 (1). 21-C March 28, 1994 Suoidea from the Upper Miocene hominoid locality of lufeng, Yunnan province. China ~ by Jan van der Made and Han Defen Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht. Faculteit Aardwetenschappen. Postbus 80021. 3508 TA Utreclrt. the Netherlands lnstitute o/ Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. Academia Sinica. P.O. Box 643. Beijing (28), China Communicated by ProC.J.E. van Hinte at the meeting oCSeptember27,1993 ABSTRACT The Suoidea from Lufeng (Yunnan, China) belong to the foUowing taxa: Yunrla1Wchoerusnov. gen. lufellgensis (Han, 1983), a peccary and the suids Propotamochoerus wui nov. sp., Propotamochoerus hyotherioides (Schlosser, 1903) and Chleuastochoerus sp. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genera Yunnallochoerus, Taucanamo, Schizochoerus, Propotamo- choerus and Chleuastochoerus are reviewed. y lufellgensis is the probable ancestor of YUmlanochoerus gandakasensis (Pickford, 1977) from the Dhok Pathan Fonnation (Pakistan). For this reason the Lufeng locality is placed in the lower part of !he Upper Miocene and correlates with the Nagri Formation in Pakistan. This stratigraphic position is sIightly lower than the correlation based on rodents. The high number of suoid species in Lufeng indicates a warm and humid climate, which conl1rms earlier interpretations of the environment. INTRODUCTION The locality of Lufeng is located near the village of Shihuiba in the Lufeng Basin (fig. 1). A description of the geology and a faunallist are given by Qi (1985a),Wu and Xu (1985)and Badgley et al. (1988).The fossils come from six layers, having a total thickness of approximately 6 meters (Iayers 1-6 in fig. 1). The locality was excavatedby the IVPP and the Yunnan Provincial Museum [rom 1975to 1983. The following articles have been published on Lufeng material, most of them in Chinesewith English abstracts. 27 Table l. Meuurements of the cheek teetb of Y~v...,.." ~.~ R. pn; from Lufeng in 1D8l. ~ . .., ~ . - ~ . - ~ - ..',~.: -~ ." - ~ .. ~ ... MI,-. ...3 - - MI.8 4.6 5.8 U U U.7 J.1 .., .., - - ~.. ... U' e.4 7.3 ... t_- ~.. 't.1 u.a u... ~ L1 t.D - - 8.0 U )JJ.t... U J3.7 8.. 8.0 17.1 U 7.5 5.8 --8.6 NI --13.3-.0... The first hominoid fossils and the first faunallists were published by Xu and Lu (1979),Qi (1979)and Zhang et al. (1981). The fishes were studied by Liu (1985), ernydidid turtles by Yeh (1981, 1985), birds by Hou (1985),camivores by Qi (1983,1985a) and Qiu and Qi (1989,1990), elephants by Zhang (1982), artiodactyls by Han (1983,1985, 1986), insectivores by Storch and Qiu (1991),the tupaiid by Qiu (1986),1agornorphs by Qiu and Han (1986),rodents in general by Qiu, Han, Qi and Lin (1985),platacanthornyids by Qiu (1989)and the remains of a plant by Tao and Han (1990). The hominoids were studied by Kelley and Xu (1991), Lu, Xu and Zheng Table 2. Measurements of the lower check teeth of PropotamocMerus wui D. sp. from Lufeng in mm. ~ - .c.'- .. ~ . ~ .. ... ~ ~ - ~ .. ~ ~ .. m"po-. "- '""'!" c , ...M .-".. r U u. I Mw",u",1.oIZAUt.3U-18.61O.116.613.O14.o... - - 12., $;O 50' IZA LO 1.3 11.8... 10.111.7 13.0 14JJ &1 14.013.5 W 13.2U U IZA 1.6 W 11.3t.3 ... - 120212.V - W 12.3g.o 13.4 5.V 6.1 13.0 7.7 LV 12.t 1.7 l., 16.7 12.7 13.3 a.4 14.0 12.6 8.V ... ,y 12.4 it.5 - 12.5 LO L2 - - - 11.3 14.2 13.4 a.2 14.1 13.4 ,.6 11.3~ 1., 12.47.4 7.V - - - <l8,V+12.8 12.6 23.1 13.7 12.2 v.o - - 7.2 12.3 7.6 ,.o 12.5)8.V >11.4 .t5.V ~ - - - 12.V 8.4 - ~ - 12.7 - 13.7 12.0 v.o .,'" ~ 1".' 13.66.a 6.7 1L8 f.o t.3 , I 13.8 1.6 10.2 11.8 13.1 14.3 21.5 13.t 12.7 V.o ¡ "1, ' IIr - ", - 11.2 1Z.6 13.4 lZ.o 7.5 8.3 13.5t.4 M 13.5... 1.1 11.5u.a 12.6 11.78.6 ,.o 1A.3", 111.7...- - .. .. .. 12.V.... 13.51.7 toS 11.3W 13.2 -- - U 3.1 3.7 12.3 4.6 5.6 12.8 5.t 6.6 12.5 7.9 8.t 13.0 M l., 16., 12., 13.3 ~.7 13.8 12.7 L2 - - )D,3U 3.1 12.44.8 5.4 13.36.1 6.8 lZ.68.0 8.8 14.6t.4 Wl.016.7 12.3 13.0 - 14.012.8 9.1 U - - 12.7 i.O 6.0 12.1 7.3 8,1 13.4 V.3 t.3 16.7 lZ.6 13.1 8.1 I2.V 12.4 8.3 - 4.1 .&.3 13.4 s.V - 13.3 7.8 8.t - - 111.017.2 12.0 12.6 8.1 12.8 11.8 10.3 ..7 U 1.4 13.2 U 6.3 11.3 7.5 8.4 - - 111.217.4 11.8 12.6 21.4 12.5 11.6 8.6 .., ... 4JJ >12.7"-3 U 1Z.37.1 7.V 12.68.8 8.V 16.712.5 13.4 a.0 >13.2>12.6 M 14.0 t.2 6.2 13.0 - - 1A.1 V.I 1.7 17.6 12.6 13.5 Z,L 13.4 13.6 7.1 , l ' - - 6.0 13.2 1.1 ... 13.8 9.3 lO.D 18.7 12.2 13.0 ao 16.0 1A.2 l1.Z . \, . 1,I , >12.5f.S 7;1 13.1 u. t.6 13.3)8.3.a.5 ~7 12.1 12.7 27.4 14.8 13.6 11.2 13.25.8 6.4 13.6- ... - - 10.7D.2 13.013.7 z.a 1A.713.V V.V r' t' ;,1 - - 6.3 12., 7.2 &Al W >1.2 1.3 17.8 12.5 13.3 &3 15.0 1A.1 111.4 "jtl ~".} f 13.4->6.4 7.4 12.37.812.47.6 U8.7 -13.t f.og.o -1.5 -17.9 12.413.0 -13.4 27.6a.V -14.6 -13.~ 11.0111.1 , 11.V 7.8 g.o - - 13.6 27.6 14.3 13.3 111.7 ,.i "j ~ " 12.6 &Al 8.8 >17.712.6lZ.6 - - - 11.0 12., 8.0 8.8 ~ - 12.45.4 13.712.4 '.1 - - 13.V- - - f.4 o - - 13.3 - M.7 - - - - 12.7- - 12.4t.3 --I2.B~ - - ?.13.4 n5 - .'1 1.7 3.7 12.4 4.7 5.6 13.1 5.t 6.6 12.6 7.' 8.7 13.3 t.3 ... 17.1 - 11¡2 a.V 14.0 12.V 1.7 " "6 2 2 2 14 13 17 . 2S ~ la 17 » . 11 .. 2Z 27 3) o.a 0.3 11.2 0.1 11.1 11.1 0.6 o.s o.s 11.6 0.6 0.5 o.a 0.4 o.s U II.~ Lt lA o.a 11.7 1.0 V 8.1 u. 6.1 5.7 3.0 2.6 4.9 7.8 7.6 3.6 6.5 5.7 6.1 3.7 4.9 3.6 U U 6.2 5.8 5.8 111.7 yo 1t a " 1 4 4 21 31 ZI 15 ZI al ti 12 18 14 la 13 ZI 5 al ~ 28 ~ (1981),Martin (1991),Schwarz (1990), Wu, Han, Xu, Lu, Pan, Zhang, Zheng and Xiao (1981),Wu, Han, Xu. Qi, Lu, Pan, Chen, Zhang and Xiao (1982),Wu (1987), Wu and Oxnard (1983a and b), Wu and Xu (1985),Wu, Xu and Lu (1983,1986), Xu and Lu (1979,1980) and Xu, Lu, Pan, Qi, Zhang and Zheng (1978).A gibbon was published byWu and Pan (1984,1985b), Pan (1988),Meldrum and Pan (1988) and Pan, Waddle and Fleagle (1989)discussed sexual dimorphism ofthe species and gave a catalog of the material. Wu and Pan (1985a),Pan and Wu (1986)and Wuand Wang (1988)described an adapid. Qi (1985b)summarized the stratigraphy of Lufeng. Rhizomyid rodents were compared to those of Pakistan (Flynn and Qi, 1982and Qi, 1986)and indicated an age of 8 Ma, but the murids suggesteda somewhatyounger age,equivalent to the Middle Throlian (MN 12; NeogeneMammal Units, Mein, 1990)of Europe (Qiu and Storch, 1990). Chen (1986) made a sedimentologic description of the site and the paleo- environment was reconstructed by SUDand Wu (1980).Badgley et al. (1988)and Qi (1993),using all available evidence,including ponen, concluded that the fos- siliferous depositswere formed in a fresh water swamp surrounded by bilIs cov- ered with humid tropical forest with open glades. This paper describesthe four speciesof Suoideain Lufeng, comparesthem to other Suoidea,studies the phylogeny of these speciesand interpretes their pre- sencein Lufeng in terms of stratigraphy and paleoecology. Table 3. Measurements of the upper cheek teeth of Propotamochoerus wui n. sp. from Lufeng in rnm. 29 MATERIAL AND METHODS Of the 369 teeth examined,we attribute 14 to Yunnanochoeruslufengensis, 300 to Propotamochoeruswui, 63 to Propotamochoerushysudricus (Stehlin, 1899)and 19 to Chleuastochoerussp. Chleuastochoerus(Pearson, 1928) is found only in layer 3, Yunnanochoerusin layers 3 and 6 and both speciesof Propotamochoerus (Pilgrim, 1925)are found in beds 1 to 6.