The Roles of Sport and Education in the Social Inclusion of Asylum Seekers and Refugees: An Evaluation of Policy and Practice in the UK Mahfoud Amara Fred Coalter Dawn Aquilina John Taylor Elesa Argent Moran Betzer-Tayar Mick Green Ian Henry Institute of Sport and Leisure Policy Loughborough University University of Stirling i Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables.......................................................................................... vii The Research Teams and Roles .............................................................................. viii The Research Teams and Roles .............................................................................. viii Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................ix 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 The Policy Context .............................................................................................1 1.2 The Aims of the project.......................................................................................4 1.3 Clarification of Terms..........................................................................................5 1.4 The Structure of this Report ...............................................................................6 2. The Systematic Review............................................................................................7 2.1 The Systematic Review Approach......................................................................7 2.2 The Systematic Review Process ........................................................................9 Stage I - Planning A Review .................................................................................9 Stage II - Conducting a review............................................................................10 Stage III - Reporting and Dissemination .............................................................10 2.3 The Steps taken in the Systematic Review of Literature on Sport and Social Inclusion of Refugees and Asylum Seekers. ..........................................................11 2.4 Reporting the thematic findings ........................................................................14 General issues around the integration of ethnic minorities through sport...........15 Other Issues........................................................................................................16 2.5 Integration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers (EU and beyond) ......................20 How can integration be achieved?......................................................................20 Barriers to Integration .........................................................................................21 2.6 Integration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers (UK)..........................................21 Definition of Integration.......................................................................................21 Barriers to integration..........................................................................................21 The Role of the Media.........................................................................................22 2.7 Integration of refugees and asylum seekers through sport ..............................22 Definition of integration .......................................................................................22 Target groups......................................................................................................23 The meaning(s) of leisure ...................................................................................23 Sub categories....................................................................................................23 2.8 Conclusion and Overview.................................................................................24 3. The Case Studies: the Research Approach...........................................................25 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................25 3.2 Identification and Selection of Appropriate Case Study Projects / Organisations ................................................................................................................................26 3.3 Data Gathering and ‘Top Down’ versus ‘Bottom Up’ Perspectives on the Organisations and their Work .................................................................................26 4. The East Midlands of England ...............................................................................28 4.1 Introduction: the Policy Context in the East Midlands ......................................28 4.2 Policy Initiatives and Case Study Organisations ..............................................30 Madeley Youth and Community Centre, Derby ..................................................30 The Derby Bosnia-Herzegovina Community Association, Derby........................34 Voluntary Action Leicester: Asylum Seekers and Refugees Sports Development Project.................................................................................................................37 Sports Link, Loughborough: an Initiative by Charnwood Arts .............................39 Dreamers Youth Project, Loughborough ............................................................41 The Algerian Association, Nottingham................................................................43 4.3 Conclusions......................................................................................................45 5. The Cardiff and South Wales Case........................................................................47 ii 5.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................47 5.2 Examples of Sport Initiatives Targeting Refugees and Asylum Seekers..........47 Swansea World Stars Football team...................................................................47 Cardiff Zimbabwean Association Football team..................................................51 5.3 Conclusions......................................................................................................54 6. The Glasgow Region Case Studies .......................................................................55 6.1 Introduction and Policy Background ............................................................55 6.2 Research Approach..........................................................................................55 Selection of Case Studies...................................................................................56 Strategic Interviews.............................................................................................59 Workshop............................................................................................................59 Chapter Structure................................................................................................59 6.3 Sport for Asylum Seekers and Refugees and its Impact ..................................59 Available Sport Opportunities .............................................................................60 Attracting Asylum Seekers and Refugees to Sport Activities..............................60 Organisers ..........................................................................................................60 Reasons for Providing Sports Activities ..............................................................61 Benefits of Sport in Addressing the Issue of Social Inclusion .............................61 Evidence of the Benefit of Sport .........................................................................63 6. 4 Factors Affecting the Delivery of Sport to Asylum Seekers and Refugees......63 Personal Safety of Asylum Seekers and Refugees ............................................63 Funding...............................................................................................................65 Staffing and Volunteering....................................................................................68 Facilities..............................................................................................................70 Planning, Performance Measurement, Monitoring and Evaluation.....................71 6.5 Needs, Attitudes and Priorities of Asylum Seekers and Refugees...................74 6.6 Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................76 7. Conclusions and Policy Implications ......................................................................78 7.1 Social inclusion and Sports Participation..........................................................78 7.2 Sport and Social Capital: Bonding, Bridging and Linking Capital .....................80 7.3 Funding issues in Sport and Social Inclusion of Refugees and Asylum Seekers ................................................................................................................................81 7.4 Conclusions: Management and Policy Implications .........................................83 References.................................................................................................................84 Alitolppa-Nitamo, A. (2001). Liminalities-expanding and constraining the options of somali youth in the helsinki metropolitan area. Yearbook of population research in Finland, 37, 126-147.