BIOTAXONOMY OF TEPHRITOIDEA Isr. J. Entomol. Vol. 35-36, 2005/6, pp. 35-145 A Revision of the Neotropical genera Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos, Pseudophorellia Lima, and Alujamyia, n. gen. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Allen L. Norrbom ABSTRACT The genera Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos and Pseudophorellia Lima are revised, and the new genus Alujamyia is described. These three genera are here recognized as the Molynocoelia group. All three genera are restricted to the Neotropical Region. Alujamyia includes four species from the Greater Antilles and northern Mesoamerica: A. bella, n. sp. (Mexico); A. farri, n. sp. (Cuba, Jamaica); A. isolata, n. sp. (Hispaniola, Puerto Rico); and A. sexvittata, n. sp. (Guatemala, Mexico). Molynocoelia includes four species from Mesoamerica and Brazil: M. grossa, n. sp. (Costa Rica); M. lutea Giglio-Tos (Mexico to Costa Rica); M. separata, n. sp. (Costa Rica); and M. plumosa, n. sp. (Brazil). Pseudophorellia includes 25 species from Hispaniola and Mexico to Bolivia: P. acrostichalis, n. sp. (Bolivia); P. antica, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. anypsilon, n. sp. (Colombia, Costa Rica, Panamá); P. bipunctata, n. sp. (Ecuador); P. brevilobata, n. sp. (Peru); P. confluens, n. sp. (Venezuela); P. decora, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. diffusa, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. distincta, n. sp. (Colombia); P. enkerlini, n. sp. (southern Mexico, Costa Rica); P. fenestrata, n. sp. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, PSI, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560-0168, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] BIOTAXONOMY OF TEPHRITOIDEA (Panamá); P. flavicauda, n. sp. (Colombia); P. flavida, n. sp. (Dominican Republic); P. fuscoapicata, n. sp. (Panamá); P. hansoni, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. maculata Lima (Brazil); P. marginata, n. sp. (Ecuador); P. quadricincta, n. sp. (Costa Rica, Panamá); P. reducta, n. sp. (Brazil); P. semilunata, n. sp. (Panamá); P. setosa, n. sp. (Costa Rica); P. stonei Lima (Panamá); P. tica, n. sp. (Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Panamá); P. tristeza, n. sp. (Surinam); and P. vespiformis, n. sp. (Venezuela). Keys to the species of each genus are provided, as are illustrations of pertinent diagnostic characters for all species. Phylogenetic relationships of the Molynocoelia group are analyzed. The group may be most closely related to the Paleotropical genera Callistomyia and Alincocallistomyia, and this larger clade is possibly related to the Toxotrypanini or Adramini. A cladistic analysis supports the Molynocoelia group, with Alujamyia, Molynocoelia, and Pseudophorellia as monophyletic taxa, and tests hypotheses of relationships among the species within each genus. INTRODUCTION Alujamyia, n. gen., Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos, and Pseudophorellia Lima are endemic Neotropical genera of fruit flies that are here hypothesized to be closely related and are recognized as the Molynocoelia group. Except for their descriptions and a brief review by Foote (1980), the treatment of Molynocoelia and Pseudophorellia in the previous tephritid literature has been limited to inclusions in keys and catalogs. The group is poorly known, as is illustrated by the fact that only three of the 33 species here recognized were previously described. Their biology is almost totally unknown, except that most if not all of the species appear to be restricted to primary forests, and at least some of them are presumably wasp mimics based on their appearance. Their host plants are unknown. This revision was undertaken to promote the study of these little-known flies, and to further resolve the relationships among the Neotropical genera of Tephritidae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphological terminology follows White et al. (1999) and McAlpine (1981). Wing bands are labeled on Figs. 14, 18, 39, and 71. Acronyms for the institutions where specimens are deposited are as follows: AMNH — American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA CBF — Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia CMP — Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, USA IEXV — Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico IML — Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina IMZ — Museo ed Istituto di Zoologia Sistematica, Universitá di Torino, Italy INBio — Instituto de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica INPA — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil IOC — Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil IZAM — Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela LACM—Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, USA MCZ — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA MEUP — Museo de Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 36 Norrbom / Revision of Molynocoelia, Pseudophorellia and Alujamyia SVM—Sanidad Vegetal, SARH, Mexico City, Mexico TAUI — Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel UCD — University of California, Davis, USA USNM — National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA USP — Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil USU — Utah State University, Logan, USA UVGC — Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala The depository is the same as in the barcode number unless another acronym is indicated preceding the number. Methods used for analysis of phylogenetic relationships are discussed in that section. The data were analyzed using PAUP version 4.0 beta (Swofford, 2000). The cladogram figures were produced with Winclada (© K.C. Nixon, 2002). TAXONOMY Key to the genera of the Molynocoelia group 1. Basal section of vein Cu and usually vein Cu1 setulose dorsally; abdominal syntergite 1+2 with 1 to several “richardiid-like” lateral setae larger than others (Figs. 55-57, 96-99); ocellar seta small and weak or absent (Figs. 55-59); phallus with bilobed spiculose membranous basal lobe on glans (Figs. 107-108) ............................ Pseudophorellia Lima -. Basal section of vein Cu and vein Cu1 without dorsal setulae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 without outstanding lateral setae (Figs. 11, 29-32, 36); ocellar seta well developed (Figs. 1- 3); phallus without membranous basal lobe on glans .......................................................... 2 2. Wing without radial-medial band (Figs. 12-18); crossveins R-M and DM-Cu covered by same band (subapical band); arista bare or with few minute basal hairs (Fig. 1); propleuron with outstanding seta, at least twice as long as setulae (Fig. 9); acrostichal seta absent (Figs. 5-8, 29) ....................................................................................................Alujamyia, n. gen. -. Wing with short radial-medial band (Figs. 37-41) often connected to discal band to form Y- shaped mark; crossveins R-M and DM-Cu covered by different bands; arista plumose (Figs. 2-3); propleuron without outstanding seta, setulae subequal; acrostichal seta present (Figs. 30-32) .......................................................................................... Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos Alujamyia Norrbom, n. gen. Type species: Alujamyia sexvittata, n. sp., by present designation. Diagnosis Alujamyia differs from other New World genera of Tephritidae by the following combination of characters: arista nearly bare, with only a few minute basal hairs; thorax mostly bare of microtrichia; propleuron with outstanding seta; acrostichal seta absent; radial-medial band absent; and crossvein R-M covered by subapical band. In the key to genera of Trypetinae of Foote (1980), species of Alujamyia will run to couplet 14. They differ from Pseudophorellia as indicated in the key above, and from Hetschkomyia Hendel and Ischyropteron Bigot in lacking acrostichal setae (the acrostichal seta is present in the latter genera, not absent as indicated by Foote 1980). 37 BIOTAXONOMY OF TEPHRITOIDEA 12 34 Figs. 1-4. Head, lateral view. 1. Alujamyia isolata (Dominican Rep.: Parque Los Haitises, USNM00052505). 2. Molynocoelia lutea (Costa Rica: SE Río Naranjo, USNM00052502). 3. M. plumosa (Brazil: Serra do Navio, USNM00056028). 4. Pseudophorellia tica (Costa Rica: Cerro Rincon, USNM00052209). Description Mostly yellow or orange flies, usually with some brown markings (Fig. 29). Body length 4.0-5.0 mm. Head (Fig. 1). Ocellar and postocellar setae present; 3-4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae. Parafacial narrow, no more than 0.33 times as wide as first flagellomere, microtrichose along margin of eye. Face microtrichose. Orbital plate and sometimes area around ocellar tubercle without 38 Norrbom / Revision of Molynocoelia, Pseudophorellia and Alujamyia 56 78 Figs. 5-8. Thorax, dorsal view. 5. Alujamyia bella (Mexico: Bungalows Santa Lucia, USNM00055911). 6. A. isolata (Dominican Rep.: Parque Los Haitises, USNM00052504). 7. A. sexvittata (holotype). 8. Same (Mexico: La Union, USNM00056337). 39 BIOTAXONOMY OF TEPHRITOIDEA 9 10 11 Figs. 9-11. Alujamyia isolata (Dominican Rep.: Parque Los Haitises). 9. Thorax, lateral view (USNM00052504). 10. Thorax, dorsal view (USNM00052506), photo. 11. Abdomen, dorsal view (USNM00052506), photo. 40 Norrbom / Revision of Molynocoelia, Pseudophorellia and Alujamyia microtrichia. First flagellomere moderately long, 2.5-3.6 times as long as wide, reaching or almost reaching ventral facial margin. Arista almost bare, with only minute basal hairs. Thorax (Figs. 5-10, 29). Without microtrichia except part of propleuron and narrow adjacent area of anepisternum, anatergite, lateral margin of mediotergite, small postsutural area on scutum lateral to supra-alar seta, most or all of subscutellum, and sometimes scutellum laterally or ventrally. Scutum yellow or orange, with 2-3 clear