MARITIME RESEARCH NEWS 1 Vol. 13/ISSN 0784-6010 1999 List of Contents Page Matti K. Hakala Editors Corner 2 Tapio Nyman The Ice Trials of the New Multipurpose Icebreaker Botnica 2 Pentti Kujala Ice Load Measurements onboard MT Uikku during the ARCDEV Voyage 4 Jorma Rytkönen Marina Design Highlights 6 Juha Laasonen The River Restoration Project at the Vanhankaupunginkoski Rapids is Completed 7 Leena Norros, Kristiina Hukki, Antti Haapio, Matti Hellevaara Decision Making on the Bridge during Pilotage 9 Symposium on Marine Reseach 99 10 Welcome to POAC 99 11 Recent Publications 12 Gover photo: (Finnish Maritime Administration Information) Maritime Institute of Finland 1 The solution to this dilemma is, of course, enables these institutes to move a little ahead of EDITORS CORNER networking, not only within companies, but also market needs, i. e. to acquire the most recent with government institutes, research centres, international knowledge to be exploited later in Matti K. Hakala, universities etc. That is why most developed their services. Some examples of these kind of Research Manager, Maritime and countries have created a technological service institutes in Europe are TNO, SINTEF and VTT. Mechanical Engineering infrastructure to make technological knowledge Also in the USA, it was regarded necessary a VTT Manufacturing Technology sources of international level available to industry. few years ago to establish a similar institute, This infrastructure is also an integral part of the NIST (National Institute of Standards and national innovation system, but according to Technology), because the universities cannot, and recent studies, the innovations are created mainly should not, perform this function. MARITIME R&D within companies, or more precisely within system of companies in the supply chain The Maritime Research Institute of Finland INFRASTRUCTURE AND including customers with sophisticated demands. covers two of the above mentioned research INNOVATION PROCESS The linear model of innovation chain from basic activities, namely an university (HUT) and a research, via strategic and applied research to technological service institute (VTT). The close The current trend in highly developed countries application in companies can be found only in a co-operation of these two makes it possible to is the shift from a post-industrial service few exceptional cases. In this sense it is essential cover in a synergetic way both long-term economy to a knowledge-based economy. This that companies are able to co-operate and learn academic research, not directly subjected to requires more knowledge workers, from each other, but they, however, need high priorities of industry, and short-term here-and- professionals or highly specialised people. On level specialised technological support. now services required in the current industrial the other hand, companies generally, for innovation process. It is interesting to note that competitive reasons, need to focus on core The research activities supported by the role of VTT, despite its original Finnish name, business, and outsource secondary functions. In government can be in may countries divided into literally translated as Government Research addition to this, companies tend to outsource three categories: universities, government Centre, is clearly that of a technological service also specialised knowledge functions, although research laboratories and technological service institute. In this role, VTT maintains specialised the latter may belong to their core competence. institutes, each of which has their own distinct services needed by several companies, guarantees The higher the level of specialisation, the less role. Universities educate graduates and their quality, availability and continuity, and likely it is that individual companies can maintain researchers on a scientific and academic basis. develops generic technologies, which can be or afford such functions at the required level. Government research laboratories carry out exploited in several industrial or governmental This leads to somewhat contradictory situation: strategic research directly for government sectors. To maintain the required high level, the the knowledge based economy needs a growing authorities´ needs. The technological service other important aspect in VTT´s activities is amount of highly specialised people, but institutes provide knowledge-based here-and- the longer-term research, normally done in companies tend to employ relatively fewer now services for the industrial innovation national or international research projects in specialists in-house. process through market-based interaction with which industrial participation is a must, but in many companies, acting like companies among which also a close co-operation with universities companies, though are supported and/or owned performing academic research is essential. by the government. The government funding THE ICE TRIALS OF THE NEW MULTIPURPOSE ICEBREAKER BOTNICA was considered so succesful that when a new Finnyards Ltd, as MSV Fennica and Nordica, icebreaker for the winter traffic of the Gulf of and delivered to the owner in April 1998. The Tapio Nyman, Research Scientist Finland was ordered, the Finnish Maritime hull form of MSV Botnica is almost similar as VTT Manufacturing Technology Administration settled on a multipurpose its predecessors but the main dimensions and icebreaker. The new ship, MSV Botnica, was propulsive power are somwhat smaller (Figures GENERAL built by the same shipyard, nowadays Aker 1 and 2). Each winter the Finnish coastline is covered with ice and to maintain the sea transport to the Finnish ports icebreaker asistance is needed. During last years the icebreaker assistance has been partly managed with vessels, having dual role: during wintertime they operate as normal icebreakers and outside the icebreaking season they are leased for offshore duties in the North Sea. This became possible, when the Finnish Board of Navigation ordered from Finnyards Ltd the multipurpose icebreakers Fennica and Nordica in the beginning of the current decade, MSV (=Multipurpose Supply Vessel) Fennica was delivered in March 1993 and Nordica in January 1994. The different working conditions involve the icebreaking capability corresponding the biggest Baltic Sea icebreakers as well as the manoeuvring and seakeeping performance adequate for working in the heavy seas in the North Sea. This concept Figure 1 MSV Botnica photographed during the ice tests. (photo MKL tiedotus) 2 As usual in the case of new concepts, the ship Finnish sea areas. Resistance tests both ahead had to be tested in such conditions in which it is and astern, channel widening and clearance tests PRELIMINARY RESULTS going to operate, so the shipyard ordered the ice as well as breaking out of the channel tests were During the tests, thickness of fast level ice on trials from the Maritime Institute of Finland. included in the trial programme. the Bothnian Bay was between 55-76 cm having The five-day trial was performed on the Gulf of Ice ridge is maybe the most extreme ice condition snow cover of 5-25 cm, thickness of brash ice in Bothnia in the middle of February this year in which an icebreaker has to overcome. The ridges the channels due to early date of the tests had co-operation with the Finnish Maritime as well as wide ridge fields are an annual not reached its annual maximum the thickness Administration. The testing team of the Maritime phenomenom on the Finnish coastal waters. being over a half metre in the middle of the channel Institute consisted of six persons, three from Ridge penetration tests both ahead and astern and less than three metres in the side walls. The both the organisations VTT and HUT as areas were also included in the programme. maximum thickness of the measured ridge profile of responsibilities the ship measurements for The ship motions were measured with a DGPS was 17 m and the peaks of the ridge sail reached the former and ice measurements for the latter. satellite navigator and gyro-compass, the ship the height of 2,7 m above the water level. performance was determined from the singnals In general, the ship could move in the existing ice TRIAL PROGRAMME of the rotation speed of the propellers and the conditions without trouble, and satisfied the powers of the propulsion motors as well the requirements set for the maximum speed and When planning the trial programme it was azimuth angles of the thrusters. The continuous turning ability in level ice. The maximum speed considered, that performance of the ship should recording of the signals was performed by PC. ahead was 7,9 kn in effective level ice thickness be tested in all the main ice conditions existing From the level ice, the thicknesses of ice and of 79 cm (effective thickness = ice thickness + 1/ on the Finnish sea areas. In addition, all the snow as well as ice temperature were measured, 3 of snow thickness) and astern 7,2 kn when different operation modes of the ship having the salinity of ice was determined from the ice effective ice thickness was 67 cm. The tactical samples taken from the icefield. The structure azimuth thrusters as propulsors, should be diameter of the turning circle in level ice (Heff= tested. of the ice was recorded by photographing. 74 cm) performed with thruster angles of 50°/ From the ice conditions, level ice is not very The thickness of the ice mass in the old channels 50° was about 1,6 times the ship length and the and ridge was measured by boring holes through common, but it is the most important ice ship turned 180° on the spot in level ice of Heff = condition when comparing the ice performance it. In channels the measurements were performed 70 cm. of different icebreakers and icegoing ships. This in sections which were perpendicular to the Especially the ship had good backing is so, because the physical characteristics of level center line of the channel, in ridge, the transverse performance in ridges. For example the ship ice are easiest to be measured compared with the section was measured along the planned penetrated by backing a distance of 134 m in 16 other ice conditions.