Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military A primer for the military about private, voluntary, and nongovernmental organizations operating in humanitarian emergencies globally edited by Lynn Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military A primer for the military about private, voluntary, and nongovernmental organizations operating in humanitarian emergencies globally Edited and rewritten by Lynn Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc Summer 2009 Originally written by Grey Frandsen Fall 2002 The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine (CDHAM) Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences (USUHS) International Health Division Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) U.S. Department of Defense Copyright restrictions pertain to certain parts of this publication. All rights reserved. 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The file may open Acrobat Reader is available for free download from the Adobe website http://get.adobe.com/reader/ Contents About CDHAM ...................................................................................................................................................................5 About OASD(HA)-IHD ....................................................................................................................................................6 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................7 Acronyms and Abbreviations .....................................................................................................................................8 Part 1. NGO Structures and Themes ................................ 13 Chapter 2. Introduction to NGOs ....................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 1.3. PoliciesWhat Is andan NGO? Definitions ................................................................................................................................. Related to Aid, Relief, and Development 30 Chapter 4. NGO Structure, Authority, and Standards ................................................................................ 40 Chapter 5. NGO Personnel and Policies .......................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 6. NGO Funding ........................................................................................................................................ 64 Chapter 7. NGO Coordination .............................................................................................................................. 87 ................................................................................................ 95 Chapter 8. NGO Identification and Presence Part 2. NGO Capacities and Services Chapter 9. NGO Emergency Deployment and Response .......................................................................100 Chapter 10. Scale and Scope of NGO Activity ................................................................................................114 Chapter 11. NGOs and Health Services ............................................................................................................119 Chapter 12. NGOs and Food and Nutrition ....................................................................................................130 Chapter 13. NGOs and Water, Sanitation, and Shelter ...............................................................................136 Chapter 14. NGOs and Protection ......................................................................................................................142 Part 3. NGO Operations Chapter 15. NGO Logistics .....................................................................................................................................150 Chapter 16. NGO Use of Information and Communications Technology ..........................................169 Chapter 17. NGOs and Security ...........................................................................................................................181 Chapter 18. NGOs and the Military ....................................................................................................................195 Part 4. Annexes Annex 1. Selected NGOs ....................................................................................................................................213 Annex 2. Selected Humanitarian Resources ............................................................................................335 Annex 3. Selected Humanitarian Publications .......................................................................................347 Annex 4. Code of Conduct ................................................................................................................................350 Annex 5. How the U.S. Government Provides Humanitarian Aid ...................................................353 Annex 6. Red Cross and Red Crescent Systems Explained ................................................................356 Annex 7. Key United Nations Agencies ......................................................................................................365 Annex 8. Médecins sans Frontières speach at NATO ...........................................................................370 Annex 9. Sources .................................................................................................................................................378 About CDHAM: Advancing medicine in humanitarian and disaster relief The vision: To contribute to national security by achieving regional and global stability through health care diplomacy. The U.S. military has a long history of responding to disasters and participating in humanitarian assistance missions. Until recently, however, these missions were considered less important than traditional combat and combat support missions. Events in the 21st century have made it clear that our national security depends on stability around the globe. This was emphasized in recent Department of Defense (DOD) guidance establishing stability sperations, including humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HA/DR), as missions with a priority equal to combat operations. The mission: To provide support to Department of Defense agencies, through education & training, consultation, direct support and scholarly activities, regarding the role of health care in response to disasters and humanitarian assistance missions. The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine (CDHAM) was formally established at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) by the Defense Appropriations Act of 1999. Organized within the Department of Military and Emergency Medicine at USUHS, CDHAM is postured as the Defense Department’s focal point for academic aspects of medical stability operations. The successful delivery of aid depends on a coordinated effort between the host nation, United Nations agencies, other governmental organizations, and many NGOs. With respect to HA/DR missions, the DOD will function in a supporting role to other agencies, such as the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development. Effectiveness requires achieving synergy by optimizing each participant’s relative strengths. Although the primary target audience for this Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military, 2nd edition, is the Department of Defense, it is intended to be a practical source of information about many NGOs for the entire humanitarian assistance community. It is hoped that it will also serve as a bridge to better understanding and cooperation. I would like to recognize Dr. Lynn Lawry for her efforts revising this guide as an author and the senior editor. Without her expertise and dedication, it would not be the quality product it is. It is also appropriate to recognize the work done by Mr. Grey Frandsen as author of the initial guide. Charles W. Beadling, MD, FAAFP, IDHA, DMCC Director, Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences A Guide to NGOs for the Military 5 About the International Health Division OASD(HA)-IHD The International Health Division (IHD) advises the assistant secretary of defense (Health Affairs) on policy related to interaction of the military health system with host nation civilians and their health infrastructure in stability operations, counterinsurgency, and humanitarian assistance/disaster response. The IHD is supervised and resourced by the deputy assistant secretary of defense for force health protection and readiness. In accordance with DOD instructions, IHD is committed to partnerships in policy with NGOs, the and informs OASD(HA)’s continuous quality improvement to meet the challenges of disaster response, Interagency, allies, private groups and others. IHD identifies gaps in knowledge, policy and capabilities, is rarely the health lead except by default; however, MHS must be able to effectively